[ effect of whey protein on glycemic index and satiety index of potatoes]

Introduction: Effects of whey protein on reduction of blood glucose and appetite have been reported. In the present study the effects of whey protein on glycemic index [GI] and satiety index [SI] of mashed potato were investigated

Materials and Methods: To determine the GI, 10 healthy subjects [6 male, 4 female] were enrolled in the study on 4 separate days at 1 week intervals. On each day, they were given potato puree, potato+4.5 or 9 grams of whey protein or glucose solution in random order. Fasting blood samples were taken at fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after food ingestion and the GI was calculated. To determine the SI, 20 healthy subjects [10 male, 10 female] were enrolled and on 4 separate days at one week intervals, daily they were given white bread, potato puree, potato+4.5 or 9 grams of whey protein in random order. The satiety was measured at fasting and every 15 min over the next 2 hours after food ingestion; using a satiety questionnaire and the SI was calculated

Results: Adding whey protein to mashed potato reduced the area under the blood glucose curve, though it was not significant [p=0.155]. No did the GI of potato change significantly [p=0.245]. However, the area under the satiety curve of potato increased significantly by adding whey protein [p<0.001]; SI of potato was also increased significantly by adding both doses of whey protein [p<0.001]

Conclusion: Although adding whey protein did not change the GI of potato, but it significantly increased its SI

[Roasted chickpea flour decreases glycemic index and glycemic load of white bread]

Introduction: Postprandial blood glucose concentration is one of the factors related to chronic diseases. This study examines the postprandial glucose response to bread made of roasted chickpea flour and white wheat flour. The effect of the roasted chickpea flour on glycemic index, glycemic load, and glycemic profile of white bread was also investigated

Materials and Methods: In this cross-over randomized study, 10 healthy subjects [8 females, 2 males] enrolled in the study on 4 separate days with one week intervals. On each day, the blood glucose at fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after ingestion of glucose solution, white bread and bread containing 1/4 and 1/2 roasted chickpea flour was measured. The glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic profile were calculated

Results: Postprandial blood glucose response to chickpea breads was significantly lower than to white bread [p<0.001]. The incremental area under the glucose curve after ingestion of chickpea breads was significantly lower than for white bread [P<0.001]. The glycemic index and glycemic load of chickpea breads were also significantly lower than white bread [P<0.001]. No significant differences were observed between the glycemic profiles of the test breads. However, the peak value of blood glucose was significantly lower after ingestion of 1/4 chickpea bread [P=0.017] and 1/2 chickpea bread, compared to white bread [P<0.001]

Conclusion: Adding roasted chickpea flour not only improves postprandial blood glucose response, but also considerably reduces the glycemic index and glycemic load of white bread

[Effect of raisin consumption on some coagulation factors and total serum antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic patients: a randomized clinical controlled tria]

Introduction: High circulating levels of hemostatic factors are associated with increased CVD risk. Raisins contain polyphenolic compounds which can reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this study the effect of black raisin consumption on some coagulation factors, lipid profile and serum Total Antioxidant Capacity [TAC] in hyperlipidemic patients was evaluated

Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 40 hyperlipidemic patients [25 women, 13 men], mean age of 41.05 +/- 10.4 years, participated and were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group consumed 90 gr black raisins for 5 weeks while the control group received no intervention. Plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor VII, lipid profile and TAC were determined at baseline and after 5 weeks of intervention. Physical activity and 24-hour recall were also evaluated questionnaire at baseline and at end of the study. Data were analyzed using independent T-test and paired T-test and significant was set at P values<0.05

Results: Physical activity and energy intake did not differ significantly between the two groups. After 5 weeks of daily intakes of raisin, TAC was significantly increased in the raisin group compared to the control group [P=0.001]. Although levels of lipid profile, factor VII and fibrinogen were decreased in the raisin group, they were not significant compared with control group [P=0.459, P=0.633]. Mean serum total cholesterol [P=0.018] and LDL-C [P=0.01] was significantly reduced, compared to baseline, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups [P=0.797, P=0.855]

Conclusion: These results indicate that consumption of black raisin which is rich in polyphenolic compounds has beneficial effects on serum antioxidant capacity in patients with hyperlipidemia

[Effects of sesame seed consumption on anthropometric indices, lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma in women with metabolic syndrome]

Introduction: metabolic syndrome [MetS] is a cluster of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease [CVD] and diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the healthy diet with sesame seed consumption on anthropometric indices, lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma [AIP] in overweight and obese women with MetS

Materials and Methods: in this clinical trial, 51 overweight and obese women with MetS were given recom-mendations for a healthy diet with [n=22] and without [n=24] supplementation 50 g/day of sesame seed powder for 6 weeks. Weight, Body Mass Index [BMI], waist circumference, waist circumference to height ratio, percentage of body fat mass, LAP [Lipid Accumulation Product] and serum levels of triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], LDL-C, HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio and AIP were determined at baseline and at the end of the study

Results: reductions in weight, waist circumference, and BMI were not significant at end of study. Also, no significant differences were observed in other anthropometric indices. The reductions in lipid profile and AIP were not significant. Findings, HDL-C showed no significant increase

Conclusion: daily consumption of 50 g sesame seed for 6 weeks had no effect on the anthropometric parameters, lipid profile or AIP in women with metabolic syndrome. However, more investigations are necessary to confirm these findings

[ effect of apple vinegar on blood glucose control and lipid profile in rats]

Regarding the recent evidence suggesting the effect of apple vinegar on reduction of postprandial blood glucose, this study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of apple vinegar on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], and lipid profile in healthy and diabetic rats. 31 wistar male rats were assigned into 4 groups as follows: the healthy control, apple vinegar-fed healthy, diabetic control, and apple vinegar-fed diabetics. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in rats. The control groups received standard rat food, while the treatment groups received mixed 6% apple vinegar and standard rat food for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, HbA[1c] and lipid profile [total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol] were measured before and after the intervention. Fasting blood glucose did not change with the consumption of apple vinegar. However, HbA[1c] in diabetic group decreased significantly compared with pre-intervention [P<0.05] and control-diabetic group [P<0.05]. In healthy group with the uptake of apple vinegar, reduction of LDL [P<0.005], and increase of HDL [P<0.005] were observed compared to pre-intervention and with healthy control. In diabetic group with the uptake of apple vinegar significant reduction of TG [P<0.005] and significant increase of HDL [P<0.05] were observed compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that uptake of apple vinegar improve lipid profile in healthy and diabetic rats, and reduces HbA1c in diabetic rats

Effect of apple cider vinegar on postprandial lipaemia in healthy adults

Postprandial lipaemia refers to the acute period of dietary lipid absorption, transport and distiribution, which has been associated with the process of atherosclerosis. There is some evidence that apple cider vinegar and acetic acid could reduce serum lipids in rat and mice, but the effect of vinegar on blood lipids in humans has not been investigated. This study, using a randomized crossover design, was carried out to investigate the effect of apple cider vinegar on postprandial plasma lipids in sixteen healthy adults. On two separate occasions, subjects randomly consumed the fat-rich meal containing 0. 5 g fat/Kg body weight, with 15cc diluted apple cider vinegar or water [as control], each time 3 venous blood samples, fasting, 4 and 8 hours after test meal ingestion were taken. Samples were analyzed for plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-C concentrations and LDL-C was calculated. Area under the curve [AUC] of TG was calculated using the trapezoid rule. Statistical analysis was carried out using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test [SPSS version 11]. The concentrations of TG was significantly [p<0. 05] increased after both meals but there was no difference between meals for postprandial responses and TG AUC after both meals were similar [820. 75 +/- 326. 66 mg/dl. 8h versus 850. 88 +/- 385. 66 mg/dl. 8h]. Also, vinegar had no effect on the postprandial responses of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. The present study showed that consumption of a single dose of apple cider vinegar with a fatty meal had no effect on the postprandial lipid response in healthy adults. However, to investigate the chronic effects of vinegar on blood lipids of human subjects, further work is recommended