[Effect of psychological interventions on mental status of female students]

Introduction: The Preservation of health and mental health, especially among students is important, because they are the future of the country. In the event of damage to the mental health of students and their academic performance is reduced. This study aimed to determine the effect of psychological interventions on mental status of female students with behavioral disorders

Methods: This research was a clinical trial study in 80 female students [40 intervention and 40 control] were residing in the dormitory of Medical Sciences during 2010-11 which had the required conditions to enter the study program based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data gathering tools was MMPI [Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory]questionnaire had 71 questions that researchers using these tools for mental status in both the intervention and control groups before and after psychological interventions [in Group therapy 8 sessions of 45 min] data analysis with SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics was performed

Results: Finding showed some mental status criterion had an Statistically significant average difference: the measure of paranoia, aspects of defense and lie detector test criterionin the two intervention and control groups. [p<0/005] However, some measures of mental status showed no statistically significant difference

Conclusion: Researchers have suggested to do researches however as with a more widely and using a variety of other assessment tools

[Quality of life in burn disfigurement individuals as life in suffocation - a qualitative study]

Nowadays with improving the taking care of the burnt patients, mortality rate decreased. With the increased survival of these patients, the number of the survivors with complications increased. Among these consequences, disfigurement is the most important ones. So recently, psychosocial problems of burnt patients and their rehabilitation have been deeply paid attention to. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted so as to obtain information concerning quality of life with burn disfigurement after being discharged from the hospital, in order to devise psycho-social support programs based on this evidence. This article reports part of a greater qualitative study. Purposive sampling and theoretical sampling was used to selecting the participants. The main data collecting tool was in-depth interviews. Thirty-four individual in-depth interviews were performed with 22 participants. The interviews were analyzed by the content analysis method and constant comparative method. After analyzing, for quality of life with burn disfigurement theme's "life in suffocation" with three core category "ruin lives", "to get tired" and "slavery disfigurement" appeared. Despite the severity of suffocation for different people was different, but it was for all participants. The evidences indicate quality of life with disfigurement even in people who few years living with problem, in a way that is inappropriate and uncomfortable as life is suffocating. Hence there exists a need to devise a proper supportive plan to enhance quality of life for these people

[Exploring women's empowerment experiences in family planning in socio-cultural context of Isfahan city: a qualitative study]

Women's empowerment in family planning is essential key of reproductive health. In this area women should be gaining authority and power for decision-making for child bearing. Fertility decisions were influenced by power relations between the couples in family and social-cultural context. This study aimed at exploring women's empowerment experiences in family planning in socio-cultural context of Isfahan city. With a qualitative approach, data were gathered from 37 married women who eligible for contraception at childbearing age. Seven focus group discussion sessions and seven individual interviews were recorded and analyzed with using conventional content analysis. Analysis of data showed that six subcategory for two main socio- cultural factors category that contributing in women empowerment in family planning. In view of participants social factors including: The Impact of Media on Shaping the Status of Women in Decision-Making, The role of School Curriculum to Form Empowerment Infrastructures and Women Employment. Cultural factors includes: Positive Attitude to have Child, Women Responsibility for Family Planning and Men Dominant in Reproductive Decision-Making. According to the participants view, social factors such as media could play a crucial role towards strengthening women's decision-making and schools could develop the empowerment's infrastructures and women employment could improve women social status but impressive performance by them did not enough. Also cultural factors deems women to be responsible for contraception and decrease women's control over their fertility. Therefore we require profound socio-cultural changes for empowering women in family planning

[Need assessment for master of science in family nursing curriculum: using Delphi technique]

Our country needs nurses who are expert in family nursing. Accordingly, we need to determine their professional tasks as a basis for future planning regarding establishment of family nursing discipline in Iran. This study was a need assessment for family nursing curriculum using the viewpoints of nursing experts. It was a need assessment study using Delphi technique. Study population included nursing experts such as members of nursing board in Ministry of Health and Medical Education, vice dean for education and head of the departments in nursing schools in Iran who were selected through cluster multistage sampling and 93 experts participated in the first stage of the study. Data was gathered through Delphi technique and using questionnaire in two stages. The questionnaires were send by post. Focus groups viewpoints were used to complete and finalize the tasks. Data was analyzed using SPSS- PC by calculating mean and standard deviation for each statement. In the first stage of Delphi 56 items in care domain, 34 items in consultation domain, 14 items in research domain and 15 items in management domain were determined. In the second phase of Delphi all tasks received a mean score more than4. At last, 15, 11, 5, and 5 tasks were determined and finalized in care, consultation, and research and management domains, respectively. Findings of the study revealed the importance of family nursing role in care domain especially regarding the care of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The results of this study could be used in curriculum development of family nursing discipline

[Clinical effect of parodontax dentifrice on the control of gingivitis and dental plaque]

Parodontax dentifrice is a plant-based dentifrice which is supposed to have specific effect in preventing and treating gingivitis. The purpose of the present study was to compare clinical effectiveness of Parodontax and Crest complete toothpaste in controlling gingival inflammation and microbial plaque. This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 40 patients with gingivitis that had been referred to the periodontal department of Shahed Dental School. The subjects were randomly allocated into either the test group [n=20, Parodontax] or the control group [n=20, 7 Crest Complete]. Turesky's Plaque Index and Loe's and Silness's Gingival Index were used to evaluate plaque and gingivitis at baseline and one month after dentifrices' application. Plaque and Gingival index changes were evaluated by Wilcoxon test in each group and Mann-Whitney test between the test and control group. After one month, in the Crest group, PI reduced from 2.58 to 2.46 and in the Parodontax group PI reduced from 2.68 to 2.48. There was a significant reduction in plaque levels in both test and control groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Gingival index, decreased from 1.43 to 1.22 in the control group and from 1.36 to 1.15 in the test group. A significant reduction in gingivitis was observed in each group, although there was no significant difference between the two groups. Both dentifrices had similar effects on PI and GI. Parodontax dentifrice does not cause significant reduction in gingival inflammation and microbial plaque accumulation

[ in-vitro comparison between antimicrobial activity of nanosilver and chlorhexidine against streptococus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus]

The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles has been investigated in medical fields in recent years, but its effect on dental plaque micro-organisms has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial properties of nanosilver on two dental plaque microorganisms and to compare it with chlorhexidine. In this experimental study, antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine against Streptococus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] using microdilution method. Each experiment was repeated at least five times to ensure the accuracy of testing. Results showed that the MIC of soluble silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine for Streptococcus sanguis were 16 and 256 microg/ml, respectively. Soluble silver nanoparticles had an MIC of 4 and chlorhexidine had an MIC of 64 micro g/ml for Actinomyces viscosus. The MBC of soluble silver nanoparticles and chlorhexidine for Streptococcus sanguis were 64 and 512 microg/ml, respectively and for Actinomyces viscosus these figures were 16 and 102 microg/ml, respectively. Silver nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity against Streptococus sanguis and Actinomyces viscosus which was achieved by lower doses in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash

[Family experiences from caregivering of patient with coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a qualitative study]

Cardiovascular disease is one of the important mortality causes in developed country of the world and so in Iran. Coronary Artery bypass graft surgery as a lifesaving intervention in cardiac patients may presents a number of challenges for patients and theire family caregivers. Little is known about the experience of caring for this patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of family caregivers of coronary artery bypass graft. This is a qualitative study with phenomenology method. Using phenomenological methods, 14 family caregiver were interviewed at clinic or home during one year post discharge period. Five them emerge from participant experiences encompass; pressure of role, exposure to tension, resistance against vulnerability, functioning, and need. The research finding showed that the patient,s family faced with many stressor agents duration their caregivering period that this stress agents provoke somatic and mental reaction. Inappropriate interaction of medical team exacerbated this problems. In other hand, the devout belives, appropriate information and provided needs had important effect on protect them. Having a appropriate communication with patients and family caregivers should hold in nursing plans

Qualitative approach on social problems in burned disfigurement individuals

The face the main channel through which the individual communicates. It is the site of beauty and attractiveness. Physical attractiveness has stereotyping nature. Because the precise content of the stereotype depends on cultural values. The aim of this study was described the range of psychosocial issues burned disfigurement people that psychosocial support programmes may need to address after hospitaization. Part of data from a larger study grounded theory approach was reported by this Paper. In this qualitative study, individual in depths interview performed with 21 participants. Interviews were analyzed using a content analysis. After data analyzed five axial category emerging from this qualitative study included social behaviors and beliefs [reproach, retirement, wrong thoughts and beliefs, stigmatize, pity] emotional problems [grief, shame, fear of expulsion, aversion, hopelessness] reactions assessment [positive assessment, Negative assessment] strategy [hidden, separation, self-presentation] and weariness. Findings indicated negative behaviors' and beliefs' of people cause emotional problems in disfigured people. Thise persons perform inappropriate strategy against behaviors' and beliefs' of people. Therefore This persons need to appropriate supportive programs for community, family and person instruction to knowledge, attitude and practice promotion

[ relationship between periodontal diseases and ischemic heart problems]

Recent studies have suggested that there is a relationship between periodontal diseases and Ischemic heart conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of any association between periodontitis and ischemic heart disease in a sample of Iranian population. The participants of this analytical study were 120 subjects with mean age of 52 +/- 9.6 years old. The cases [n=69] were patients with proven Ischemic heart disease who were hospitalized in Cardiology Units of the Mostafa Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The control subjects [n=60] were selected from other hospital wards. Subjects were matched for known risk factors of coronary heart disease including, family history of ischemic heart disease, smoking, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, fasting blood sugar, body mass index, as well as hypertension, age and gender. All cases and controls went through clinical periodontal examination in order to measure and record the clinical attachment level, plaque index and bleeding index at six sites of the dentition [Ramfjord teeth]. The numbers of missing teeth were recorded as well. The chi-square [X2] test was used to check the group similarities with regards to age, sex, blood pressure and history of familial heart disease variables. Also, t-test was used to compare the mean BMI as well as AL, PI, BPI, TL between the two groups. The clinical attachment level, bleeding index and plaque index were significantly higher in case of ischemic heart disease patients than controls. When considering the number of missing teeth, there was no significant difference between the two groups under investigation. Periodontal disease can be a risk factor for Ischemic heart diseases in Iranian population