[Modification of reasoned action theory and comparison with the original version by path analysis for substance abuse prevention among adolescents]

Objective of present study was assessing the competence of self efficacy to development of theory of Reasoned Action [TRA] and comparison with original version by path analysis for substance abuse prevention among adolescents. In this analytic study, 433 randomly selected adolescents [range of age 15-19] from Tehran participated in study. The study design was based on the theory of Reasoned Action and other self efficacy methods. Validity and reliability of the study questionnaire was assessed. Then the collected data were analyzed by using path analysis method The results indicated that the reasoned action developed by self efficacy, has a better fitness [RMSEA=0.043-df / chi[2]=1.77-P-value=0.1829] compare to the original [RMSEA=0.128-df / chi[2]=7.96-P-value=0.00479] in path analysis. In this study self efficacy become effective construct for fitness of model and powerful predictors for intention [beta=0.35] and behavior [beta=0.20]. The model covered 36% of intention variance and 28% of behavior variance. The reasoned action was developed by self efficacy and increased its prediction

[Study of the attitude toward gender role on submit gender egalitarianism among university students and employees in Zanjan [2008]]

Attitude toward Gender egalitarianism that is submitted in gender role has an important role in interpersonal relations, personal, family and social mental health. Many factors including culture affect the gender role. The aim of the present study was to compare the gender role attitude in males and females with different levels of education. 245 individuals were selected through stratified and cluster sampling from different universities and offices. The data was collected by self structured questionnaire and the data analyzed with T.test and regression statistics tests. The findings showed that education and gender could affect the gender egalitarianism attitude. The gender egalitarianism was significantly different between males and females [p<0/001]. Results showed that females had higher gender egalitarianism. The results also showed a significant difference in attitude between people with different levels of education [p<0/01]. Individuals with higher grade of education had higher gender egalitarianism. The sex of individuals was a stronger predictor of gender egalitarianism than other variants such as language, education and income. Attempt to decrease the gap between females and males attitudes could lead to decrease the conflicts and problems between females and males in gender egalitarianism attitude and could improve the mental health

[Effectiveness of"life skills training program" in prevention of drug use among secondary school students]

Background and Objective: the life skills approach is of great importance and has a strong theoretical and research background in prevention of drug consumption. Based on this approach, a "Life skills Training" package has been developed by Dr Botvin. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of this package on the school children

Materials and Methods: a total of 1862 secondary school students [male and female] were randomly selected from Tehran province. They were divided into two groups, including experimental and control groups. The experimental group was participated in life skills training course but the control group did not. The two groups were consequently compared with regard to their awareness, attitude and life skills about drugs, using "Healthy Behavior Questionnaire". The T-test was used for the statistical analysis

Results: the post-test mean scores with concern to increasing the information and changing the attitudes and skills about drugs in the experimental group were significantly different from those of the pre-test mean scores

Conclusion: the results indicated that the "life skills training" package, as a psychological intervention tool, can play an important protective role in increasing information and improving attitude and skills in students in favor of drug using avoidance. It is expected to decrease drug use in further years due to the long term effects of the training programs. However, it is recommended to design a longitudinal study in order to evaluate the long term impacts of such interventional training programs on drug using behaviors