Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in cousin marriages

Birth defects are one of the leading causes of paediatric disability and mortality in developing as well as developed countries. The purpose of this study is to report our 3 months experience regarding the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in cousin marriages. A retrospective review of 50 patients who presented with cleft lip or cleft lip/palate during 3 months, from 9th March to 8th June, 2005 was carried out. Among the risk factors cousin marriages is a most frequent risk factor. Cleft lip is more common than cleft lip/palate and cleft lip alone is a different entity than cleft lip and palate combined

Induction of labour single vaginal PGE 2 Vs early amniotomy and I/V oxytocin

To compare two methods of induction of labour. Amniotomy with intravenous oxytocin infusion versus single use of prostaglandin E2 vaginal tablet. Design Perspective randomized clinical trial. The department of Gynae and Obs Nishtar Hospital Multan and Ganga Ram hospital lahore 100 patients were recruited .50 were randomized for amniotomy followed by oxytocin infusion. Second group underwent labour induction with PGE2 which was repeated after 6 hours, if n o change in bishop score is observed. 17 .2 .2004 to 17 .2.2005 In the study the results regarding mean Bishop score change, duration of labour and apgar score at 5 minutes were comparable in both groups. In the group 2 mean induction to delivery time was 9 hours.[6-12 hrs].The mean cervical change score was 8.5 Duration of labour in group 2 was in the mean of 7hrs. In group 1 mean cervical change was 7.5 [range5-7], induction to delivery time was 10.5 hrs. The duration of labour was 7.5 hrs. Analgesic requirements varied in both groups. No patient with PGE2 required pain relief before membrane rupture. In the oxytocin group narcotic analgesia was given from the start of uterine contractions. PGE2 vaginal tablet for induction of labour in case of unfavourable cervix is superior to use of amniotomy and oxytocin. It was found to be safe and effective with minimum of patient interference

Clinical manifestations of benign ovarian tumours

To examine the cases of Benign Ovarian Tumours and their clinical manifestations. Prospective study of consecutive cases of Ovarian tumours, identified using gynaecological case records. Tertiary care teaching hospital affiliated with Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore, managing more than 1500 gynaecological cases annually. 50 cases of Ovarian tumours managed in Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore between 1st May 2004 to 1st May 2005. The most common presenting complaints were abdominal pain or discomfort and palpable tumour causing abdominal distension. Abdominal pain was present in 70% of benign ovarian tumours. 20% of the patients had pain due to torsion of ovarian cyst. The complaint of a palpable tumour was found in 4 7% of cases. Vague abdominal and bowel complaints were present in 2 2.5% of cases. 6[15%] patients were asymptomatic. Of these 2 were diagnosed by ultrasound and 3 at the time of emergency Cesarean section and one on routine pelvic examination. Menstrual irregularity and urinary complaints were present in a small number of patients. None of the patient complaint of weight loss or post menopausal bleeding. Benign Ovarian Tumours are most common cause of ovarian enlargement and a very common cause of hospital admission. Symptoms and signs are non specific and presentation is a late stage

Prevalence and perinatal mortality of cord prolapse and presentation

To analyse the prevalence and perinatal mortality in cord prolapse. All cases of cord prolapse managed in gynae unit 3 at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital were identified. From 20 March 2004 to 20 March 2005. 23 patients of cord prolapse and presentation were identified During this time 5408 births took place giving a prevalence of I in 235 total births which comes upto 0.42%. There were 6 cases of cord presentation [0.11%] and 17 cases of cord prolapse [0.31%].19 cases were born alive[82.6%]. There were 4 still births giving a still birth rate of 17.4% or 174/1000 births with cord prolapse and presentation. One neonatal death occurred among 19 live born babies giving a rate of 5.21% or 52.1/1000 live births. The uncorrected perinatal mortality was 217/1000 births or 21.7% with cord prolapse and presentation. Cord prolapse and presentation occur with prevalence of 0.43% The perinatal mortality rate in this series was 21.7% of births with cord prolapse and presentation

Incidence of negative appendice, our experience of 100 patients at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore

Despite recent advances in diagnostic medicine, the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis is still doubtful in a number of cases. Majority of the Clinicians rely on their clinical examination, strengthened by the laboratory tests. This study was done to see the incidence of negative appendicectomy in Patients, who presented in surgical emergency with pain in Rt. Iliac fossa. These patients were assessed and evaluated by clinical examination as well as with the help of Modified Alvarado Scoring system and surgery was decided accordingly. To see the incidence of Negative appendicectomies at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore and comparing the rate with the rate of other international Studies. It was a prospective clinical and Pathological study, consisting of 100 patients, presenting in the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, with history of right iliac fossa pain. One hundred patients were included in the study, and diagnosis of acute appendicitis was bas ed on Clinical Examination and Modified Alvarado Score. The patients selected for this study were of all age groups and both sexes. Out of hundred, 56 patients were operated after being assessed by clinical Examination and Modified Alvarado Scoring System. The incidence of negative appendicitis was about 7% in male, 20% in female and about-10% in children. Over all the rate of negative appendicectomies was 15%, which is with in lower limit of the other international studies

Use of apple by-products in poultry rations of broiler chicks in Karachi

In Pakistan and all over the world white meat consumption has increased during the last few decades. The cost of poultry feed and fish is quite high. To over come this problem a lot of research work has been done to replace high cost feed ingredients with low cost fruit byproducts. This study has been carried out on the inclusion of apple by-products in poultry feed. One Hundred one day old broiler chicks purchased from the local breeders were reared in the poultry farm of the Physiology department of University of Karachi. They were divided into two groups A and B. The feed of group A contained maize in addition to other ingredients, whereas the feed of group B substituted maize with apple by-products. Feed consumed, water intake, weight gained, Feed Conversion Ration [FCR] and mortality was recorded daily. Both groups were also vaccinated with only ND and IBD. The performance of broilers on this feed was monitored and compared between conventional feed and apple by-products mixed feed. Both groups of birds gained appropriate weight required to be marketed at the end of 6 weeks. Group B compared to Group A gained more live weight. Although there was a difference of 320 gm between live weight of the two groups. Statistical analysis shows this difference to be nonsignificant. We conclude that apple by-products are a cost effective yet equally good feed adjunct for broiler chicks

Disease pattern of breast masses in men with advancing age

Breast enlargement is not unique among men but the benign breast diseases must be differentiated from the malignant lesions. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common histopathological presentation whereas gynecomastia is the commonest benign lesion. The age of the patient, presenting complaint, and history of various predisposing factors provide a clue to the diagnosis. This article illustrates the history, clinical presentation and histopathological records of 20 patients, above 35 years of age, who presented in a 2-year period in the Services hospital Lahore

Laparoscopic findings in infertility

A study was carried out over a period of 12 months from 1.1.95 to 31.11.95, in which 200 [female] patients were subjected to laparoscopy to evaluate various factors regarding infertility. The study highlighted various symptoms of infertile patients [female] and obvious pathologies seen with the laparoscope such as tubal adhesions, uterine diseases, status of ovaries or any associated condition like endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease. The study also illustrates the complications occurring during the laparoscopic procedures

Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in thiamin deficient pigeons

Osmotic fragility of RBCs in NaCI solutions was studied for thiamine deficient [TD] and thiamine non - deficient [TND] pigeons. The data of both groups of animals respresented four distinct components; a, b, c and d in relation to extent of hemolysis. Osmotic fragility curve for RBCs in both groups showed 'S' shaped pattern. Although individual concentrations of NaCI in component C of TD group showed significant variations [p<0.05] for% hemolysis, no significant change could be obtained for any of the components. Component c of the TD group indicated slow rise compared to TND group showing comparatively less resistance for RBCs to hemolyse. In this connection, it can be suggested that thiamine deficiency probably produces RBC fragility response of altered extent and pattern for various concentrations of NaCl in fast rising component in present set of experiments