code of ethics for nurses

Nurses are ever-increasingly confronted with complex concerns in their practice. Codes of ethics are fundamental guidance for nursing as many other professions. Although there are authentic international codes of ethics for nurses, the national code would be the additional assistance provided for clinical nurses in their complex roles in care of patients, education, research and management of some parts of health care system in the country. A national code can provide nurses with culturally-adapted guidance and help them to make ethical decisions more closely to the Iranian-Islamic background. Given the general acknowledgement of the need, the National Code of Ethics for Nurses was compiled as a joint project [2009-2011]. The Code was approved by the Health Policy Council of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and communicated to all universities, healthcare centers, hospitals and research centers early in 2011. The focus of this article is on the course of action through which the Code was compiled, amended and approved. The main concepts of the code will be also presented here. No doubt, development of the codes should be considered as an ongoing process. This is an overall responsibility to keep the codes current, updated with the new progresses of science and emerging challenges, and pertinent to the nursing practice

[The coping styles and suicide attempted among the female undergraduate students]

At the present time suicide studies from all of different views have more important for researcher as a new topic among the important factors in suicide studies which increasingly getting more consideration, we can on its increased rate in different countries of the world. Suicide has been counted among the ten main causes of the death in all ages of most countries. Based on WHO statistics, suicide is considered as the 2nd main causes of the death among adolescent between 15-19 and also it is the 3rd main causes of the death among the 19-24 years old. This study was conducted to discover the role of the coping styles as a basic factor for suicide attempted among the female undergraduate students in Tehran universities. In this research, statistical population were female students suicide attempter of Tehran universities. At first, For finding suicide attempters. 5 universities were selected randomly among of Tehran universities as follows: Sharif University of Technology, University of Tehran, Az-zahra University, Tarbiat Moallem University and Shahid Beheshty University. The subjects of the study were 38 female students who had suicide attempted as experimental group that selected available sampling at the universities and 38 female students as norm group that selected on a random sample as the norm group was matched based on six variables: age, sex, marial status, major, study level and year of university enterance, with experimental group [suicide attempter]. The sources of the above information were universities chief, consultant and mental health centers at five selected universities. The subjects were not aware of our purpose and our information about themselves. The measurement instrument was Endler and Parkers coping inventory for stressful situations [CISS]. This inventory included two forms Adolescent and Adults forms which in this study adults form was used. According to statistical analysis of the data, the main result was obtained: "There is a significant relationship between the coping styles and suicide attempted among females students and the following results were gained: a] In the use of the problem-based coping style, here is a significant relationship between the two groups [suicide attempted as well as norm group]. b] There is a significant relationship between the use of the emotion-based coping style and suicide attempted the two groups. c] In the use of avoid coping style there is no significant relationship between the two groups. Based on the comparative study of coping styles and suicide attempted revealed that female students suicide attempter were used Emotion-based coping style more than Problem-based Attitudes and believes of youth are the core of their Adjustment or nonadjustment coping responses and those indicate a high and considerable correlation in their suicidial behaviors The main result refered to coping styles in females had an influence on suicide attempted or suicide avoidance. The results obtained can be helpful for cognitive management in stressful situations and for developing effective coping styles. In consideration of the fact that around 34% percent of the population in Iran in 1382 were in age groups 15-29 years increasing the understanding of the health of young people is critically important. As the conclusions of this study indicated, the teaching of effective coping styles to young students is very important to plan for increasing the psychological abilities the youth

Medical ethics in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Recent trends in biomedical technologies have been associated with increasing discussion about ethical aspects of the new knowledge in many societies, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. Medical ethics has a long history in our country, and great Iranian physicians laid special emphasis on teaching and practising traditional ethics. In recent decades, great strides have been made in biomedical ethics, especially in the fields of education, research and legislation. We present a brief history of medical ethics in our country. Current activities and topics of future plans are also discussed