case report of primary localized amyloidosis of eyelid with extensive calcification and ossification, clinically presenting as a bone tumor

Primary localized amyloidosis of eyelid is a localized type of amyloidosis without evidence of systemic involvement. We report a 75-year-old man suffering of unilateral [left] ptosis due to upper eyelid mass with bony consistency. Eye examination revealed upper lid mass attached to tarsus. No ocular infection or inflammation was found. Pathologist reported diffuse distribution of eosinophilic homogenous deposits of stroma that show apple green birefringence by polarized light compatible with amyloidosis. Primary localized amyloidosis may appear as a bony tumoral mass. It is important to consider secondary localized and systemic amyloidosis in differential diagnosis of the disease

[Immunohistochemical study of inflammatory pseudotumors of the orbit at Farabi hospital, Tehran, Iran]

To verify the myofibroblastic origin of spindle cells by immunohistochemistry in idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor [IPT] of the orbit. We reviewed a series of 32 orbital IPTs for expression smooth muscle actin [SMA], Vimentin, Desmin and anaplastic lymphokinase [ALK]. The study was performed on histologic samples of 33 patients with a diagnosis of orbital IPT. The lesions expressed SMA in 51.7%, Vimentin in 72.0% and Desmin in 17.2%. All lesions were negative for ALK. Reactivity for SMA in spindle cells may indicate their myofibroblastic origin. The absence of ALK expression in all cases strongly suggests that these lesions, although histologically similar, are biologically distinct from their soft tissue counterparts. IPTs which are negative for ALK may be characterized by one or more chromosomal aberration involving regions other than 2p23

[Normal conjunctival flora in newborns and infants]

To determine the normal conjunctival flora in neonates and infants. Conjunctival specimens were obtained from both eyes of 43 newborns delivered by cesarean section [C/S] and 53 newborns delivered by normal vaginal delivery [NVD] as well as 54 healthy infants in two maternity and pediatric hospitals. The specimens were cultured aerobically, anaerobically and for fungi. Among C/S delivered newborns 51% were culture positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis as the most common isolate [72.4%] followed by corynebacterium species. [10.3%]. Among NVD newborns 73.5% were culture positive. The most common isolates were S. epidermidis [26.5%] and Streptococcus viridans [17%]. Significantly greater isolates of anaerobic bacteria were observed in NVD newborns compared to C/S delivered newborns as follows: Lactobacillus [9.5%], Propionibacterium acnes [7.8%] and Fusobacterium [1.5%]. Among healthy infants 48% were culture positive. The most common isolates were S. epidermidis [55%] and P. acnes [10.5%]. There were no significant differences in normal conjunctival flora between healthy infants and C/S newborns, but significant differences were observed between infants and C/S newborns versus NVD newborns in certain vaginal tract related isolates such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species. Due to the higher incidence of anaerobic bacteria in NVD newborns, these organisms may be considered as presumptive causes in ophthalmia neonatarum

Enucleation in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 with buphthalmos and ocular deformity

In infants with neurofibromatosis type 1, plexiform neurofibroma with altering anterior segment outflow system may result in raised intraocular pressure. Here we report a case of buphthalmos with neurofibromatosis [NF-1] who suffered with blindness suffered enucleation. Physical examination and histopathology were performed. Physical examination revealed Buphthalmos and vascularized cornea with lower lid ectropion and orbital deformity. Histopathologic findings showed plexiform neurofibroma in orbital tissue with scleral wall involvement. And hamartomatous proliferation in choroid and cilliary bodies with melanocytic elements. Few NF-1 cases with buphthalmos have been reported. But cases with complicationg buphthalmos [retinal detachment and optic nerve atrophy] suffering enucleation are very rare

[Ischemic and reperfusion injury of adult rat sciatic nerve]

Ischemia plays a major role in development of pathological changes in various neuropathies. Reperfusion amplifies physiological and pathological abnormalities in ischemic nerves. In this research, we studied ischemic-reperfusion [IR] injury of sciatic nerve up to 14 days of reperfusion. IR was produced by ligation and release of nooses around supplying vessels to the sciatic nerve. 30 rats were assigned into 5 groups of 6. Group 1 [control] did not undergo IR while the 4 remaining groups after three hours of complete hind leg ischemia underwent reperfusion within 0hr, 3hrs, 7 days and 14 days. Pathologically, two phases were identifiable. During phase 1 [0-3 hrs] fiber degeneration and endoneurial edema were observed. During phase 2 [7 days and, 14 days] prominent fiber degeneration and prominent endoneurial edema were observed. Loss of function occurred in more than 75% of the rats with ischemia alone, in comparison with the control group the maximum reduction in activities was observed amongst the group of rats reperfused within 3 hours. IR injury depends on duration of reperfusion. Microvascular events during reperfusion may enhance the nerve fiber damage following the ischemia period

[Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of orbital spindle cell tumors]

To assess the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of orbital spindle cell tumors. A descriptive, retrospective study was performed on 63 pathology reports on all types of orbital spindle cell tumors at the pathology department of Farabi hospital between 1995 and 2005. Immunohistochemistry studies for different markers, such as smooth muscle actin, Desmin, S100 protein, CD31, Factor VIII, CD 68 and CD34, were carried out in cases with indeterminate origin on routine histopathologic study to achieve a definitive diagnosis. Our study included 63 cases with average of 30 years including 62% female and 38% male subjects. The leading types of orbital spindle cell tumor in our study in order of frequency included: benign nerve sheath tumors [46.0], rhabdomyosarcoma [11.1%], hemangiopericytoma [7.9%], fibrous dysplasia [7.9%], ossifying fibroma [4.8%], fibrous histiocytoma [3.2%], and other types [19.1%]. From 29 cases with benign nerve sheath tumor, 16 cases [25.4%] were neurofibroma and 13 cases [20.6%] were schwannoma. The orbital tumors were benign in 74.7% and malignant in 25.3%. The most common type of orbital spindle cell tumor in this study was benign nerve sheath tumor. Immunohistochemical studies for different markers are required for definitive diagnosis of cases with indeterminate origin on routine histopathological study

case report of well differentiated chondrosarcoma of thyroid gland

We report a 75 year old man who presented with a cervical mass, dysphagia and hoarseness, CT - scan of neck showed a large cold nodule in the right lobe of thyroid gland, which was followed by surgical excision and its histopathologic exam revealed well-differentiated chondrosarcoma