Cerbrospinal fluid constituents in healthy female dromedary camels

The appropriate location for collecting cerebro-spinal fluid [CSF] from the dromedary camel was described and the reference range of cytological and biochemical constituents of CSF were determined in 25 clinically normal adult camels and compared with the corresponding serum. Camel CSF is colorless with similar viscosity to water. The maximum normal of RBCs and WBCs were 141 and 9 cells/ul, respectively. Significant differences were found in the biochemical values between the CSF and serum. These included total protein [TP], albumin, globulin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase [ALP] lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine kinase [CK], glutamic pyruvic transaminase [GPT], and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT]. In addition, there was significant difference between the CSF and serum in the levels of calcium

Surgical correction of acquired flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints in horses

Sixteen horses with acquired flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal [MCP] and distal inter-phalangeal [DIP] joints were evaluated and classified according to their severity into mild [N= 7], moderate [N = 4], and severe [N = 5]. Evaluations for the tendon affected and the severity lesions of the deformity were based on clinical and radiographical examinations. Cases with mild deformities were treated with corrective trimming and shoeing. Cases with moderate deformities were treated with surgical transection of the check ligaments of the deep and/or superficial digital flexor tendon and corrective trimming. Tenotomy of the superficial or deep digital flexor tendons was performed in the severely affected cases, followed .by corrective trimming and cast application. In this long term study, all horses with mild, and two horses with moderate lesions regained to normal conformations and proved useful at work. Two eases with severe lesions showed little response whereas the rest of the horses were unable