Prevalence rate of monelial vulvovaginitis in the first trimester of pregnancy

300 women were randomly studied for monelial vaginitis. 200 were pregnant in the 1st trimester and 100 non pregnant. Diagnosis was made by both Papanicolaou's stain method and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium. The effect of age, gravidity and parity was studied too. There was significant difference between the results obtained in the 2 groups indicating the importance of the role played by pregnancy on the prevalence of monelial vaginitis. No significant difference between the 2 methods used for the diagnosis was detected. Infection was more common in the young age group in pregnant than in non pregnant patients. Vaginal candidiasis was wore common in nulliparous women than in multiparae

Salivary and serum immunoglobulin-A in pregnancy and its relation to the gingival condition

Thirty pregnant females in the three trimesters of pregnancy and ten controls were subjected to clinical dental examination together with estimation of salivary and serum immunoglobulin-A [Ig A] by the radio-immuno diffusion technique. The gingival index showed a significant increase in the third trimester while the plaque and retention indices did not show any statistical difference in the three trimesters of pregnancy. The serum and salivary IgA showed lowering in their values which may be due to an immune defect and/or the increased level of hydrocortisone or may be attributed to the depressed T-cell response associated with pregnancy

Salivary female sex hormone levels and gingivitis in pregnancy

Thirty pregnant females and ten controls were subjected to clinical dental examination together with determination of salivary estradiol 17-B and salivary progesterone levels using the radio-immunoassay method. Our data showed increased gingival inflammation during pregnancy. There was a significant increase in the levels of both oestrogen and progesterone in the saliva during pregnancy and this was accused as a cause in the pregnancy gingivitis and it was termed the hormonal factor in pregnancy gingivitis

Effect of long-acting progestational contraceptive injections on the hemostatic mechanism

A battery of tests to monitor the haemostatic mechanism have been done in a group of 18 healthy women receiving two injectable contraceptives: depot-medroxy-progesterone acetate [DMPA] and norethisterone oenanthate [NET-OEN]. There was a significant enhancement of thromboplastic activity, but with no appreciable effect on clotting and bleeding times. Plasma fibrinogen showed a significant increase in NET-OEN users and the euglobulin lysis time was significantly raised on DMPA users. In both groups, the prothrombin activity was significantly lower and the adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregability revealed a marked increase. These changes were suggested to be due to associated changes of phospholipid fractions, impairment of hepatocellular function and direct effect of progestational agents

study of injectable contraceptives

This is a study of the acceptability, side effects and value of two injectable contraceptives: Lynoestrenol phenyl propionante and Norethisterone enanthale in 181 fertile women. The first preparation was injected monthly in 65 women for 442 cycles and the second was given every 12 weeks in 89 women, for a total of 297 injections. Effects on menstruation and lactation were observed and the side effects were recorded. Their contraceptive value in 68.9 woman years was studied. The second preparation was better as a contraceptive but caused much more frequent and serious side-effects than the first