ABSTRACT
Abstract Oxidative enzymes secreted by white rot fungi can be applied in several technological processes within the paper industry, biofuel production and bioremediation. The discovery of native strains from the biodiverse Misiones (Argentina) forest can provide useful enzymes for biotechnological purposes. In this work, we evaluated the laccase and manganese peroxidase secretion abilities of four newly discovered strains of Trametes sp. that are native to Misiones. In addition, the copper response and optimal pH and temperature for laccase activity in culture supernatants were determined.The selected strains produced variable amounts of laccase and MnP; when Cu2+ was added, both enzymes were significantly increased. Zymograms showed that two isoenzymes were increased in all strains in the presence of Cu2+. Strain B showed the greatest response to Cu2+ addition, whereas strain A was more stable at the optimal temperature and pH. Strain A showed interesting potential for future biotechnological approaches due to the superior thermo-stability of its secreted enzymes.
Subject(s)
Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Laccase/metabolism , Trametes/enzymology , Argentina , Temperature , Enzyme Stability , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Fungal Proteins/chemistry , Laccase/genetics , Laccase/chemistry , Trametes/isolation & purification , Trametes/geneticsABSTRACT
This research aimed to evaluate the potential of several native white rot fungi (WRF) isolated from subtropical environments of Misiones (Argentina) to produce different ligninolytic enzymes. Coriolus versicolor f. antarcticus BAFC 266, Pycnoporus sanguineus BAFC 2126 and Phlebia brevispora BAFC 633 showed the highest phenoloxidase activity. Ganoderma applanatum strain E, P. sanguineus BAFC 2126 and P. brevispora BAFC 633 revealed marked laccase and peroxidase activity. C. versicolor f. antarcticus, G. applanatum (strain A) and Trametes villosa, gave high positive reactions with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol oxidation at the lowest tested pH. C. versicolor f. antarcticus, G. applanatum strains D and F, T. elegans BAFC 2127and T. villosa, showed the highest manganese peroxidase activity. C. versicolor f. antarcticus also produced the highest lignin peroxidase activity. Tyrosinase activity was mostly evident in G. applanatum strains (D and F) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium HHB 11741. Kraft liquor decolorization results were variable and depended on the fungus and the liquor concentration. Some fungi with moderate ligninolytic activity showed high decolorization rates (e.g. Pleurotus sajor-caju and Steccherinium sp. BAFC 1171) indicating the significance of additional approach to evaluate a potential biotechnological application.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial para producir enzimas ligninolíticas de diversas cepas de hongos de pudrición blanca, nativas de la Provincia de Misiones (Argentina). Coriolus versicolor v. antarcticus BAFC 266, Pycnoporus sanguineus BAFC 2126 y Phlebia brevispora BAFC 633 mostraron un gran potencial para producir fenoloxidasas. En Ganoderma applanatum cepa E, P. sanguineus BAFC 2126 y P. brevispora BAFC 633 se observó una marcada actividad lacasa y peroxidasa. C. versicolor v. antarcticus. G. applanatum (cepa A) y Trametes villosa, mostraron una reacción oxidativa altamente positiva sobre 2,6-dimetoxifenol a pH 4. C. versicolor v. antarcticus, G. applanatum (cepas D y F), T. elegans BAFC 2127 y T. villosa, mostraron una alta actividad manganeso peroxidasa y solo C. versicolor v. antarcticus mostró una alta actividad de lignino peroxidasa. La actividad tirosinasa fue evidente en las cepas D y F de G. applanatum y en Phanerochaete chrysosporium HHB 11741. La decoloración del licor negro Kraft reveló una actividad ligninolítica variable para las diferentes cepas estudiadas dependiendo de la concentración utilizada. Algunos hongos mostraron una moderada actividad ligninolítica con grandes halos de decoloración (p.e. Pleurotus sajor-caju y Steccherinium sp. BAFC 1171) indicando un significativo potencial para el aprovechamiento biotecnológico de estas cepas.
ABSTRACT
A model for the dissemination of information on visceral leishmaniasis from schoolchildren to their families was evaluated in two schools in Caeté, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Age ranged from 9 to 17 years in the two schools, one receiving the intervention (with 92 students) and the other serving as the control (96 students). All the students attended a class and received a pamphlet on visceral leishmaniasis. The intervention consisted of a homework assignment in which the student discussed the class content and pamphlet with a family member. Knowledge by family members (n = 100) on visceral leishmaniasis was evaluated with a pre and post-intervention questionnaire applied by a health agent, who also completed a form on hygiene around the household as observed during the home visit. A significant improvement was observed in knowledge and hygiene (e.g., sweeping of leaves, fruit, and branches from the yards) among the families that were exposed to the intervention (p < 0.05). The spread of information on visceral leishmaniasis by schoolchildren can contribute to measures for preventing the disease.
Modelo de disseminação da informação sobre a leishmaniose visceral por escolares aos seus familiares foi avaliado em duas escolas no Município de Caeté, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Em ambas as escolas, intervenção (92 alunos) e controle (96 alunos), as idades dos alunos variaram de 9 a 17 anos. Todos assistiram a uma aula e receberam um panfleto sobre a doença. A intervenção consistiu de uma tarefa de casa, na qual o aluno discutia com o familiar o conteúdo da aula e do folheto. O conhecimento dos familiares (n = 100) sobre a leishmaniose visceral foi avaliado por meio de questionário antes e após a intervenção, aplicado por um agente de saúde, que também preenchia um formulário sobre as condições de limpeza no peridomicílio, no momento da visita. Observou-se melhora significativa do conhecimento sobre a enfermidade e da limpeza relacionada à retirada de folhas entre as famílias que receberam a intervenção (p < 0,05). A disseminação da informação sobre a leishmaniose visceral por escolares pode contribuir para as ações de prevenção da doença.