ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in young adults less than years
Materials and methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study with 164 occurrence acute myocardial infarction cases [21 women; 143 men], consecutively visited King Abdulaziz hospital, KSA, and 227 controls [81 women; 146 men], From February 2016 till February 2017. All women are non-Saudi women. Odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] were calculated using unconditional logistic regression
Results: The commonness of present smoking was 81% in male cases and 54% in male controls [OR = 3.59, 95%CI: 2.49, 5.31] and 60% of female cases were smokers compared with 36% of controls [OR = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.40, 4.98]. No interaction was found between current smoking and gender on myocardial infarction risk [P = 0.399]. A dose-effect response was present, the odds favoring myocardial infarction reaching an eight-fold increase for those who smoked >25 cigarettes/day compared with never smokers. The risk estimate for former smokers was similar to never smokers
Conclusions: Tobacco smoking is an important independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in young adults, with similar strength of association for both genders
ABSTRACT
Background: Smoking is considered a crucial predisposing factor for the development of carotid diseases, cardiovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease. Around 10% of Americans have peripheral artery disease that is most likely related to smoking, and smoking is strongly associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The most important cause of death among smokers continues to be cardiovascular diseases
Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: smoking, cardiovascular diseases, abdominal aortic aneurysms, peripheral vascular diseases, tobacco chemicals, smoking effects on blood vessels
Aim: In this review, we aim to study the pathophysiology and mechanism of adverse effects caused by cigarette smoking upon the vascular system
Conclusion: Exposure to smoking both directly and indirectly is associated with significant increase in strokes, coronary heart diseases, aneurysms, and peripheral artery diseases. Atherosclerosis is also strongly associated with cigarette smoking. Smoking cessation will rapidly improve the overall health status and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. More studies are needed to evaluate and assess mechanisms associated with smoking-related cardiovascular diseases