ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate the impact of pesticides on renal function tests in collaboration with liver function tests among workers of pesticide formulation and packing plants in Pakistan
Material and Methods: one hundred workers, 20-50 years of age, working at different pesticide formulation and packing units for at least one year were included in this study. One hundred healthy age and sex matched industrial workers were taken as controls. Renal function tests i.e. blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and liver function tests i.e. alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma glut amyl transferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin, were performed. Screening for hepatitis Band C virus was also done to confirm that all the samples included in current study were negative for Hepatitis Band C virus
Results: in current study, mean blood urea nitrogen value for 100 control subjects was 8.37 mg/di while that of 100 pesticide industrial workers was 12. 70 mg/di. Mean serum creatinine value of 100 controls was 0.65 mg/di and that of patient population were 0.98 mg/di. These results revealed that all the hundred pesticide industrial workers had normal blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels but on the higher side as compared to control subjects. P value was significantly high. The results of liver function tests in serum samples of control subjects were within normal range. Liver function tests of 80 pesticides industrial workers out of 100 were within normal range whereas 20 workers had abnormally raised levels
Conclusion: pesticide exposure among workers of pesticide plants might cause liver toxicity
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the impact of pesticides on Gamma Glutamyl Transferase [GTT], Alkaline Phosphatase [ALP], Alanine Transaminase [ALT] and Aspartate Transaminase [AST] in workers of pesticide formulation and packing plants in Pakistan. One hundred workers in the age group of 20-50 years working at different pesticide formulation and packing units for at least one year were included in this study. One hundred healthy workers from other than pesticides industry, with no history of exposure to pesticides and matching age, sex and social status were taken as controls.Biochemical tests for GGT, ALP, ALT, and AST, were carried out employing Chemistry Auto analyzer. In current study, serum of one hundred control subjects indicated mean GGT value 37.19+8.07U/L. Mean GGT value for one hundred pesticide industrial workers was found to be 30.08_10.63U/L. These results revealed that all the hundred pesticide industrial workers had normal GGT levels, but on the lower side as compared to control subjects. P value was significant. Data of hundred pesticides industrial workers was taken and it was found that ALP, ALT, AST of eighty workers was within the normal range whereas the remaining twenty workers had raised level of ALP, ALT, and AST. Data of the control group showed that ALP, ALT, and ASTof all one hundred workers were within the normal range. All Pesticide industrial workers had normal GGT levels. High or upper normal levels of ALP, ALT, and AST were observed in serum of pesticide industrial workers
ABSTRACT
To estimate the knowledge, prevalence and factors associated with practice of modern contraceptive methods among currently married males of reproductive age group [20-49years] in soldier bazaar Karachi Pakistan. The study was carried out in Karachi in 2010 in area of soldier bazaar. In person interviews were carried out with150 males [Aged 20-49] from different areas of Soldier Bazaar which were taken randomly. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic features, reproductive profile, family size, knowledge, and practices of family planning services and reasons for non-use of contraception. The half of respondents has knowledge about condom [52%], IUCD [44.6%], Oral pills [43.7%], injection [41.3%] and tubal ligation [32.6%]. Knowledge about withdrawal and male sterilization [vasectomy] which are male contraceptive methods is low. Only 19.3% respondents know about all the methods and another 9.3% do not know about any method.32% respondents showed willingness to undergo vasectomy as compared to 68% who are not willing for the procedure.8% of the respondents use some of family planning methods 30% of respondents [and their wives] did not use any contraceptive method because they want more children. Surprisingly 3.5% respondents among non-users did not know about the family planning methods. Educational level has shown direct relationship with knowledge and practice of family planning. Prevalence of male contraceptive methods along with knowledge of other methods is found very low and has direct relation with attitude and practice of family planning, not only among themselves but also on the adoption of contraceptive measures of their wives