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Purpose@#The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). @*Methods@#Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. @*Results@#Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. @*Conclusions@#Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.
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Purpose@#The present retrospective clinical study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic parameters, complications, and satisfaction in patients who received fixed prostheses supported by narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) in the anterior and posterior jaw. @*Methods@#Patients aged ≥30 years who had NDI-supported fixed prostheses in the anterior or posterior region of either jaw for at least 2 years were included. Complications such as chipping of the crown; loosening or fracture of the screw, crown abutment, or implant; and loss of retention were recorded. Clinical peri-implant outcomes and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured. A questionnaire was used to record responses regarding the aesthetics and function of the fixed restorations. Analysis of variance was used to assess the significance of between-group mean comparisons. The log-rank test was performed to analyze the influence of location and prosthesis type on technical complications. @*Results@#Seventy-one patients (mean age: 39.6 years) provided informed consent with a mean follow-up duration of 53 months. Only bleeding on probing showed a statistically significant difference between NDIs in the anterior and posterior regions. The complication rate for NDIs in the posterior region was significantly higher than that for NDIs in the anterior region (P=0.041). For NDIs, CBL was significantly higher around splinted crowns than single crowns (P=0.022). Overall mean patient satisfaction was 10.34±3.65 on a visual analogue scale. @*Conclusions@#NDIs in the anterior and posterior jaws functioned equally well in terms of peri-implant soft and hard tissue health and offered acceptable patient satisfaction and reasonable complication rates.
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Objective: To evaluate the degree of conversion [DC] and depth [extent] of cure of four resin cements [Variolink E, Calibra, NX3 and Variolink N] using Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] and Vickers Micro hardness [MH]
Methods: Ten disks [1mmx2mm] of each resin cement were light cured through a ceramic disk for 40 seconds prior to assessment. The ATR spectra of the uncured resin were collected in absorbance mode from 16 scans at 4 wave number resolutions. Degree of conversion was calculated by estimating the changes in peak height ratio of the absorbance intensities of aliphatic C=C peak at 1638 cm-1 and that of an internal standard peak of aromatic C=C at 1608 cm-1 during polymerization. For Vickers microhardness testing 10 disks of each cement specimen was exposed to 100 grams of load for 15 seconds. Three indentations were made 0.5mm apart and an average Vickers micro-hardness [MH] for each specimen. Two way ANOVA and multiple comparison tests were performed to assess data
Results: The highest degree of conversion by peak area was shown by Variolink-Esthetic [light-cure [87.18+/-2.90%]]; however the lowest was observed in samples of Variolink-N [Dual cure [44.55+/-4.33%]]. Similarly, Variolink-Esthetic and NX3 cement showed significantly higher MH as compared to other groups
Conclusion: Ivocerin containing Variolink-E cement showed high degree of conversion and extent of polymerization when compared to conventional light and dual cure luting cements
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Objective: To compare self-perceived oral symptoms and clinical [plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment loss [CAL]] and radiographic [marginal bone loss [MBL]] periodontal parameters among naswar [NW] and non-naswar dippers [NNW]
Methods: One hundred and forty-two individuals [72 patients consuming naswar and 70 controls] were included. All participants completed a baseline questionnaire that included information regarding demographic characteristics and self-perceived oral symptoms. Clinical periodontal parameters [PI, BOP, PD and CAL] were recorded. MBL was measured on digital panoramic radiographs
Results: Pain in teeth, pain on chewing, bleeding gums and burning sensation in the mouth was significantly worse among NW than NNW [p<0.01]. Clinical periodontal parameters and MBL were significantly high in NW than NNW [p<0.001]. There was statistically significant influence of daily use and mean duration of naswar consumption on the severity of PI, BOP, PD [4 to 6 and >6 mm] and MBL among NW group
Conclusion: Self-perceived oral symptoms and periodontal parameters were worse among naswardippers. It is highly recommended that naswar dipping should be considered a potential threat that could have major effects on periodontal tissues
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and predictors of satisfaction in patients with lithium disilicate [LD] ceramic crowns
Subjects and Methods: Clinical outcomes were assessed in 47 patients with 88 LD crowns using modified United States Public Health Service [USPHS] evaluation criteria and survival rates. The questionnaire for predictors included 3 aspects: [a] sociodemographic characteristics, [b] oral health habits [tooth brushing frequency, flossing frequency, and dental visits], and [c] satisfaction of the restorations [aesthetics, function, fit, cleansability, and chewing ability of the crowns, and overall satisfaction]. Frequency distributions were computed using univariate and multivariate analysis. The Student t test and analysis of variance [ANOVA] were used to compare means across variables. Correlation analysis was done to assess the association between continuous variables
Results: The age of crowns was 34.7 +/- 9.7 months. The survival rate was 96.6% at 35.9 +/- 9.2 months. There was a significant association between successful crown function and oral hygiene measures: tooth brushing [ p < 0.001], dental visits [ p = 0.006], and flossing [ p = 0.009]. A strong negative correlation was observed between aesthetic satisfaction [ r = -0.717, p < 0.001] and chewing ability [ r = -0.639, p < 0.001] with crown age. The linear regression model was significant for all predictors [ p < 0.05] except overall satisfaction [ p > 0.05]
Conclusion: The LD crowns had long survival rates of 96.6% up to 35.9 +/- 9.2 months and provided satisfactory clinical performance [low risk of failure]. Oral hygiene habits such as brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits influenced patient satisfaction with LD crowns
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Objectives: To assess compressive strength and effect of duration after photoactivation on the compressive strength of different dual cure bulk fill composites
Methods:Seventy-two disc shaped [4x10mm] specimens were prepared from three dual cure bulk fill materials, ZirconCore [ZC] [n=24], MulticCore Flow [MC] [n=24] and Luxacore Dual [LC] [n=24]. Half of the specimens in each material were tested for failure loads after one hour [MC1 [n=12], LC1 [n=12] and ZC1 [n=12]] and the other half in 7 days [MC7 [n=12], LC7 [n=12], ZC7 [n=12]] from photo-polymerization using the universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 cm/minutes. Compressive strength was calculated using the formula UCS=4f/[Pi]d[2]. Compressive strengths among different groups were compared using analysis of variance [ANOVA] and Tukey's multiple comparisons test
Results:Maximum and minimum compressive strengths were observed in ZC7 [344.14+/-19.22] and LC1 [202.80+/-15.52] groups. Specimens in LC1 [202.80 [15.52]] showed significantly lower compressive strength as compared to MC1 [287.06 [15.03]] [p<0.01] and ZC1 [276.82 [11.51]] [p<0.01]. ZC7 [344.14 [19.22]] specimens showed significantly higher [p<0.01] compressive strengths compared to LC7 [324.56 [19.47]] and MC7 [315.26 [12.36]]. Compressive strengths among all three materials were significantly higher [p<0.01] at 7 days as compared to one hour
Conclusions:Bulk fill material with Zr nano-hybrid filler [ZC] showed high compressive strength compared to MC and LC. Increasing the post photo-activation duration [from one hour to 7 days] significantly improves the compressive strengths of dual cure bulk fill material
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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of silane application and silane heat treatment on lithium-disilicate ceramic when bonded to composite resin
Methods: Twelve blocks of lithium-disilicate [LD] ceramic were fabricated and bonding surfaces were etched using 9.5% hydrofluoric acid [90 seconds]. Three experimental groups resulted from the various surface treatment combinations, which included, no silane application [NS] [controls], silane application [S] and silane heat treatment [HS] [100 degree C for 5 minutesutes]. Ceramic and composite resin blocks were bonded using an adhesive resin and light cured restorative composite as a luting agent, under standard conditions. A total of 90 specimen sticks [8 x 1mm[2]] were subjected to micro-tensile bond strength testing. The means of micro-tensile bond strength [micro-tbs] of the study groups were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The tested specimens were analyzed for mode of failure using scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
Results: The highest micro-tbs value [42.6 +/- 3.70 MPa] was achieved for LD ceramics with heat-dried silane. Both silane application and heat treatment of silane resulted in significant [p<0.05] improvements in micro-tensile bond strength of LD ceramics when bonded to resin composite
Conclusions: The application of silane and its heat treatment showed significant improvement in bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramic when bonded to composite
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The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of implant retained restorations [IRR] among senior dental students in Saudi Arabia. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed among senior dental students of five dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Student's knowledge was assessed regarding which implant restoration [cement retained restoration [CRR] or screw retained restoration [SRR]] better provides the desired clinical properties. Students' practice of IRR, perception of their knowledge and need for further education related to IRR were also assessed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were employed to assess collected data. Three hundred and fifty four senior dental students responded at a response rate of 88.5%. Thirty three percent respondents did not have any practical experience of IRR. Students showed a clear preference for CRR with regards to aesthetics [71.4%], passive fit [55.3%], fabrication ease [57.3%] and fracture resistance [40%]. SRR were considered to provide better retention [59.6%], soft tissue health [51.1%] and ease of retrievability [72%]. Nearly 40% of students agreed that they did not get sufficient information related to IRR in undergraduate courses. Clinical training of IRR is compromised in the undergraduate curriculum in dental schools of Saudi Arabia. The knowledge of dental students regarding IRR was broadly in line with current evidence
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A complete mouth has been replaced by fix prosthesis based on two stage osteointegrated implants. However the use of implants in edentulous arches needs to be emphasized the aim of this case report is to highlight the current prosthetic management of edentulous patients by means of fixed implant supported PFM bridges in the scope of a dental implant system
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One of the goals in comprehensive orthodontic treatment is to obtain an optimal final occlusion, overbite and overjet. It is the descriptive, cross sectional study conducted in orthodontic department of KMDC. Sampling methods was non probability convenient. Sample sizes were 55 patients. Age ranges between 12 to 23 years old. In the current study the men of anterior and overall ratio for class I malocclusion were similar to those of Bolton figures when comparing the mean tooth size ratio for these malocclusion group. It was found that class III> class II> class I for the overall anterior ratio. In the orthodontics treatment during diagnostics phase Bolton analysis should be used for the initial diagnostics and for treatment planning. In our study the mean and overall ratio for class I malocclusion similar to Bolton, no statistical difference were found among different malocclusion groups
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To determine the etiological factors for root canal therapy in 400 patients visiting the out patient department [OPD] of Karachi Medical and Dental College. It was an analytical, descriptive and cross sectional study. Information about the etiologic factors of root canal therapy was collected from around 400 patients at the dental out patient department Karachi Medical and Dental College through specially designed forms by trained investigators posted in the department. The results showed that irreversible pulpitis [3 8%] as being the predominant cause for root canal therapy followed by necrotic pulp [33.5%], trauma [16%] and failed RCT [8%]. Reasons for root canal failure comprised of short obturation [71.8%], over-obturation [15.6%] and others [12.5%] the most commonly exposed teeth were mandibuIar first molars [32%%]. Irreversible pulpitis was the most common cause for initial root canal treatment, while short obturation was found to be the predominant reason for failed root canal treatment
Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Pulp Cavity/pathology , Endodontics , Dental Pulp Diseases , PulpitisABSTRACT
To find out the frequency of malocclusion in a sample taken from Karachi population- aged 6-25 yrs.It is an analytical cross sectional study. Malocclusion was clinically examined by using Angle's classification in 1880 OPD subjects out of which 710 were males and 1170 were females malocclusion .Results of this study showed that 75% of the total sample had malocclusion and most common type is Angle's class I malocclusion [59.4%] Malocclusion has a high prevalence in our society. Angles class I is most prevalent among all age groups