ABSTRACT
Background: In this study, we demonstrated the effects of the Gallic Acid (GA) molecule on the prostate cancer cells line PC3 using the comet assay (Alkaline electrophoresis) technique and its effects on some important apoptotic factors including BAD (Bcl-2-Associated Death promoter), BAK (Bcl-2 homologous Antagonist/Killer), and BIM (Bcl-2-like protein 11) via simulation analysis by using the Auto Dock and Gromacs software. Methods: Following the MTT assay on the PC3 cells, and determining IC50, we used three concentrations of GA to around IC50 to treat PC3 cells. 100 comet pictures were obtained by alkaline electrophoresis and have been analysed with the CASP version 1.2.2 software; all the results were thereafter analysed by the SPSS version 21 statistical software. Results: The IC50 value for GA was determined to be 35 μM. The ratio of tail to head in alkaline electrophoresis for the three concentrations below the IC50 of GA in 25, 30, and 35 μM were measured as 24.7 (2.7), 44.5 (1.8), and 57.3 (1.3) percent, respectively. The results of the preapoptotic factors (BAD, BAK, and BIM) in the performed simulation in the absence and presence of GA showed that the GA protein causes the structural instability in the BAD protein, and the effect of GA can be explained by the creation of hydrogen bonds with proteins. Conclusion: GA is a polyphenol compound in plants that can suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in PC3 cells in prostate cancer in the range of IC50 concentrations. The apoptotic properties of GA induce pre-apoptotic factors.
ABSTRACT
Implantation failure of blastocyst is one of the main reasons of failure to become pregnancy following use of Assisted Reproductive Techniques. HLA-G, one of the non-classic HLA subtypes, seems to have a vital role in neutralizing of mother immune system. According to importance of ins/del polymorphism of HLA-G in regulation of HLA-G expression, it seems that this polymorphism has an important effect in immune response against embryo, and so success of embryo implantation. In this experiment we try to evaluate association of HLA-G ins/del polymorphism with risk of occurrence of RIF in ART treated infertile women. To evaluating insertion/deletion polymorphism association with RIF we design a case-control study. We select 40 women with history of recurrent failure to become pregnant following IVF as RIF case group. Forty women with pregnancy following IVF were selected as control. Members of both groups were assessed to rule out of anatomical, immunological and known genetical cause of infertility. Presence of 14 bp insertion/deletion alleles was assessed using PCR-PAGE technique. The data were analyzed by means of SPSS software using Chi-Square tests at the significant level of p<0.05. Our data shows that frequency of heterozygote genotype [ins/del] was significantly higher in case group. Furthermore presence of HLA-G insertion/deletion genotype shows association with increase of implantation failure risk by 3.85 fold. According our results, Heterozygote genotype of ins/del leads to increase of RIF risk. It seems that by genotyping of HLA-G polymorphism, we can predict risk of implantation failure in infertile women after use of ART