ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the decrease in mean duration of diarrhea and normalization of stool consistency by smectite in children with acute gastroenteritis
Methods: A total of 300 patient children aged 1-12 years old fulfilling inclusion criteria were sorted in two groups; 150 cases in each group. Four parameters were considered, i] Age distribution, ii] Gender distribution, iii] Duration of normalization of stool consistency and iv] Duration of diarrhea
Results: Age distribution was 56% [n=84] in Group-1 and 51. 33% [n=77] in Group-2 were between 0.5-6 years of age while 44% [n=66] in Group-1 and 48.67% [n=73] were between 7-12 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 6.04+3.49 and 6.48+3.66 years respectively, Gender distribution was 60.67% [n=91] in Group=1 and 62.67% [n=94] in Group 2 were male while 39.33% [n=59] in Group-1 and 37.33% [n=56] in Group-2 were females. Duration of normalization of stools consistency was 44.24+2.63 hours in Group-1 and 71.56+2.48 hours in Group-2 was recorded, p value was calculated as 0.0001 which shows a significant difference between the two groups. Duration of diarrhea was recorded as60.58+3.70 hours in Group-1 and 88.76+4.02 hours in Group-2, p value was calculated as 0.0001 which shows a significant difference between the two groups
Conclusion: We concluded that administration of diosmectite in children with acute gastroenteritis shows a significant efficacy as compared to placebo with regards to mean duration of diarrhea and normalization of consistency of stools
ABSTRACT
Objective: to compare the frequency of expulsion in immediate versus delayed insertion of intrauterine device in females presenting after delivery
Methods: this present randomized control trial was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinnah Hospital/ AIMC, Lahore. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used in this study. Informed consent was taken from all 200 patients. Demographic information [name, age, BMI and contact] were recorded. Females were divided in two groups on the basis of time of device insertion i.e. immediate or delayed [as per operational definition]. Females were followed for 6 months and x-ray was performed to confirm expulsion was labeled. Both groups were compared for IUD expulsion by using chi-square test taking p-value<0.05 as significant. Data was stratified for parity and obesity. Chi-square test was applied post-stratification
Results: the mean age of the patients was 28.99+/-6.31 years. The mean BMI of the patients was 27.06+/-3.83 kg/m2. In our study the IUD expulsion was observed in 15% patients. Statistically there is insignificant difference was found between the study group and IUD expulsion of the patients. I.e. p-value=0.23. Only significant difference was found between the study groups with obese patients and IUD expulsion of the patients i.e. p-value=0.02
Conclusion: the evidence found in our study suggests that both the immediate post-partum insertion of IUDs and delayed insertion of IUDs are safe and effective
ABSTRACT
The most common complication 0f the third stage of labour is postpartum haemorrhage, which remains a leading cause of maternal mortality [25.0%], especially in developing countries. In developed countries, 3-5% of deliveries are complicated by postpartum haemorrhage: in developing countries, it is 50 times more common .Third stage of labour which exceeds 30 minutes is associated with a significant risk of postpartum haemorrhage and puerperal infection. The best preventive strategy for these complications is active management of third stage of labour. Active management includes administration of oxytocin within one minute of birth of baby. To compare the mean blood loss after administration of intra umbilical oxytocin versus intravenous oxytocin at anterior shoulder for active management of third stage of labour. Randomized controlled trial. Six months from 1-1-2013 to 30-06-2013. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit-III Jinnah Hospital Lahore. 100 patients fulfilling selection criteria were included in the study from labour room. These patients were randomly divided into two groups by using lottery method. Group-A, 50 patients were administered 10 units of oxytocin diluted in 20ml of normal saline intraumbilically and group-B, 50 patients were administered 5 units of oxytocin intravenous stat at anterior shoulder. Total blood loss was noted after complete delivery of placenta. Mean age was 25.0 +/- 3.9 and 24.4 +/- 3.5 in group-A and B, respectively. Mean gestational age was 38.20 +/- 0.96 weeks in group-A and 38.40 +/- 0.94 weeks in group-B. Mean blood loss in intraumbilical oxytocin group was 311.20 +/- 27.23 ml and in intravenous oxytocin group mean blood loss was 373.60 +/- 66.47 ml. There was statistically significant difference between two groups [p<0.001]. In group-A 15 patients [30.0%] and in group-B 20 patients [40.0%] were primigravida while remaining patients were multigravida. The usage of intraumbilical oxytocin in active management of third stage of labour is beneficial in reducing the blood loss in third stage and thus helps in preventing postpartum haemorrhage