ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine level and factors of job satisfaction among doctors working in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan
Methods: This is a multi-center cross-sectional survey conducted among Post graduate trainees, medical officers, consultants and faculty doctors. Job satisfaction was measured using 35 specific questions about sources of work-related stress and sources of work-related satisfaction. Satisfaction was defined if mean score of a factor was >/=3.0, where factors were rated using a 5-point Linkert scale ranging from 1 [completely dissatisfied] to 5 [completely satisfied]
Results: In this study 373 doctors participated, out of which 215[57.6%] were males. Over all mean satisfaction score was of 2.69+/-0.37. Departmental mean satisfaction scores were Internal medicine 2.71+/-0.35, Medical subspecialties 2.63+/-0.38, Surgical and allied 2.73+/-0.45. Designation means were Consultant 2.87+/-0.38, Faculty 2.78+/-0.44, Medical officer/Registrar 2.50+/-0.32, Post graduate trainee 2.71+/-0.45. Public and private sector means satisfaction scores were 2.53+/-0.80 and 2.92 +/-0.84 respectively
Conclusion: Job dissatisfaction was seen among doctors from all the tiers and departments. Public sector doctors were more dissatisfied than private sector doctors. Increasing age, duration of current posting and working experience, positively correlated with satisfaction level
ABSTRACT
Background: Sputum smear microscopy is the most useful tool used for the screening of presumptive tuberculosis cases. Conventionally Ziehl-Neelsen [ZN] based staining is used to microscopically screen sputum from the presumptive Tuberculosis Cases. However, Fluorescent microscopy [FM] is now gradually replacing the conventional ZN microscopy because of its higher efficiency and efficacy in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In patients, who do not produce sufficiently high number of bacilli, and are known as Smear-negative, efficacy of both types of microscopy remains questionable as no Mycobacteria are detected in the sputum of these patients and they are falsely labelled as smear-negative
Objective: This retrospective study was conducted on the patient samples received from different parts of Sindh to study the proportions of false-negative tuberculosis using fluorescent microscopy
Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2014 to June 2016 at the Tuberculosis Laboratories of Dow University of Health Sciences. Data analyzed for 1439 samples received during 24-month period, which had subsequently been confirmed by culture. All laboratory work was performed as per guidelines of the National Program. Statistical analysis was performed on MedCalc[registered sign] and Open Epi[registered sign]
Results: During 24-month period, among the 1439 cases, 832[57.81%] were from males and 499 [34.67%] were smear negative. Culture showed that 72 [14.42%] were false-negative among all-negatives. Overall sensitivity observed was 92.21% [95%CI 90.29%-93.85%] and specificity 82.91% [95%CI 79.38%- 86.06%]. The proportion of false negativity among all negatives in females [16.11%] was significantly higher [p=0.002] as compared to males [13.47%]
Conclusions: Even with the introduction of Fluorescent Microscopy, smear microscopy cannot be solely relied upon for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, as considerable number of patients producing insufficient number of bacilli to be detected by microscopy