Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with dental caries in a sample of Pakistani school children

Malocclusion is one of the most prevalent dental problems observed in children which may cause oral health problems, loss of function and psychosocial problems related to impaired dentofacial aesthetics. Malocclusion and dental caries have a negative impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life [OHRQoL]. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and dental caries in school children, using Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need [Dental Health Component] IOTN [DHC] and Decayed, Missing, Filled,Teeth [DMFT] score.Also to evaluate any relationship between malocclusion/ orthodontic treatment need and dental caries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 574 school children aged 11 to 16 years having permanent dentition, no history of orthodontic treatment and no dental anomalies. Each student's number of DMFT was computed and the IOTN [DHC] was recorded based on contact point displacement only. Results of the current study which comprised of 574 school children, with 320 males and 254 females, exhibited a mean IOTN grade of 2.4 +/- 1.016 and a mean DMFT score of 2.57 +/- 2.7. The prevalence of malocclusion was found to be 75.6% while the prevalence of dental caries was 64.6%. The Pearson correlation coefficient found a significant correlation between IOTN and DMFT scores. The brushing frequency and gender did not correlate with DMFT scores, while sugar intake, age and SES had a significant correlation with DMFT. Taking IOTN into consideration, age and diet showed no correlation with it, whereas gender and Socio Economic Status [SES] status displayed a significant correlation with IOTN grades. The current study yielded a significant correlation between malocclusion and dental caries. Healthy diet and proper brushing technique are important to maintain a healthy dentition, despite the presence of malocclusion

Malocclusion and its relationship with dental caries in a sample of Pakistani school children

Malocclusion is one of the most prevalent dental problems observed in children which may cause oral health problems, loss of function and psychosocial problems related to impaired dentofacial aesthetics. Malocclusion and dental caries have a negative impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life [OHRQoL]. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and dental caries in school children, using Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need [Dental Health Component] IOTN [DHC] and Decayed, Missing, Filled,Teeth [DMFT] score. Also to evaluate any relationship between malocclusion/ orthodontic treatment need and dental caries. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 574 school children aged 11 to 16 years having permanent dentition, no history of orthodontic treatment and no dental anomalies. Each student's number of DMFT was computed and the IOTN [DHC] was recorded based on contact point displacement only. Results of the current study which comprised of 574 school children, with 320 males and 254 females, exhibited a mean IOTN grade of 2.4 +/- 1.016 and a mean DMFT score of 2.57 +/- 2.7. The prevalence of malocclusion was found to be 75.6% while the prevalence of dental caries was 64.6%. The Pearson correlation coefficient found a significant correlation between IOTN and DMFT scores. The brushing frequency and gender did not correlate with DMFT scores, while sugar intake, age and SES had a significant correlation with DMFT. Taking IOTN into consideration, age and diet showed no correlation with it, whereas gender and Socio Economic Status [SES] status displayed a significant correlation with IOTN grades. The current study yielded a significant correlation between malocclusion and dental caries. Healthy diet and proper brushing technique are important to maintain a healthy dentition, despite the presence of malocclusion

Frequency of ectopic canines - a study

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of ectopic canines in patients' reporting to the 28 Military Dental Centre Lahore Cantt, seeking orthodontic treatment during the last twelve months. A total of 173 patients were evaluated. Out of which 41[24%] patients [11 were males and 30 were females] with an approximate male to female ratio of 1:3. Most frequent location was labial, 38 out of 41[93%]

Role of serum troponin-l in identifying left ventricular ejection fraction of

To determine the serum levels of troponin-l in identifying left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] of 63.5 ng/ml predicted LVEF of <40% with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 97% in patients receiving streptokinase, whereas in patients undergoing primary PCI, troponin-l levels of > 87.5 ng/ml predicted LVEF < /=40% with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 100%. Troponin-l concentration of > 63.5 ng/ml and > 87.5 ng/ml can predict LVEF

Primary percutaneous coronary aspiration of thrombus from infarct related artery

We are reporting the case of a 48-year-old man hypertensive, and smoker presenting with acute inferoposterior ST elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] with right ventricular infarction. He underwent diagnostic angiogram which revealed total occlusion of mid right coronary artery [RCA] by thrombus. Multiple runs of aspiration were performed using Export Aspiration Catheter-6F and thrombus was aspirated from RCA. Postaspiration stenting was deferred due to absence of any significant obstructive lesion. Some thrombus had migrated to distal right posteriolateral branch [RPLB]. He was started on glycoprotein [GP] IIb IIIa inhibitors which had to stopped after a few hours due to upper gastrointestinal bleed. After 48 hours a re-look angiogram demonstrated good flow in RCA with resolution of the residual thrombus

Biatrial myxoma

A female, 32 years of age, presented with complaint of easy fatigability and exertional dyspnoea for the last one year. She had no previous history of cardiac disease. On clinical examination, there was a diastolic murmur at apex. Transthoracic echocardiography and subsequently a transesophageal echocardiogram was performed, which showed biatrial pedunculated masses, suggestive of cardiac myxoma. The left atrial mass was 28 x 15 mm and right atrial mass was 35 x 25 mm in dimension and both appeared attached with interatrial septum. On surgical excision and histopathological examination, findings were consistent with cardiac myxoma

Acute myocardial infarction with left bundle branch block [LBBB]: significance of sgarbossa criteria

A middle aged female presented in emergency department with chest discomfort. Her old electrocardiogram [EKG] showed left bundle branch block [LBBB] signs. EKG performed in the emergency room revealed left bundle branch block with 4-6 mm discordant ST segment elevation in leads VI-V3 and 1mm concordant ST segment elevation in lead V4. Diagnosis of acute anterior wall STEMI was made based on Sgarbossa criteria. She underwent angiography which showed total occlusion of proximal left anterior descending artery which was stented. She had uneventful post-stenting course in hospital and was discharged. The case highlights the significance of Sgarbossa criteria which can be applied to diagnose acute myocardial infarction in the presence of LBBB so that prompt thrombolytic or primary angioplasty can be preformed