Changes in hyoid bone position after orthodontic treatment of patients with mandibular deviation / Cambios en la posición del hueso hioides después del tratamiento ortodóntico de pacientes con desviación mandibular

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to observe the influence of orthodontic treatment on the hyoid position of patients with different vertical skeletal craniofacial patterns of mandibular deviations. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with mandibular deviations, including 30 males and 30 females with a mean age of 15.4 years, were recruited. They were equally divided into average angle, high angle, and low angle groups, with a 1:1 gender ratio. Their hyoid position was measured before and after orthodontic treatment. The data were analysed using paired ttests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: After treatment, the hyoid body in the high angle group presented significant forward and upward movements (p = 0.012 and p = 0.005). The hyoid body in the low angle group exhibited significant forward movement (p = 0.048) and a significant increase in the hyoid inclination (p = 0.00). In the average angle group, the hyoid body significantly moved downward (p = 0.031) and the thyrohyoid moved upward (p = 0.046). The ANOVA showed that orthodontic treatment significantly influenced the vertical position and inclination degree of the hyoid (F = 6.37, p = 0.003; F = 6.204, p = 0.004; and F = 3.393, p = 0.025). The average angle group displayed significant differences in these indices compared with the high angle and low angle groups. Orthodontic treatment significantly influenced the mandibular plane angle in the high angle group (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Orthodontic treatment influences the hyoid position of patients with different vertical skeletal craniofacial patterns of mandibular deviations by varying degrees.

OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio fue observar la influencia del tratamiento ortodóntico en la posición hioidea de pacientes con diferentes patrones craneofaciales esqueléticos verticales de desviaciones mandibulares. MÉTODOS: Se reclutaron un total de 60 pacientes con desviaciones mandibulares, incluyendo 30 hombres y 30 mujeres con una edad media de 15.4 años. Los pacientes fueron divididos a partes iguales en grupos de ángulo promedio, ángulo alto, y ángulo bajo, con una proporción de género de 1:1. Su posición hioidea fue medida antes y después del tratamiento ortodóntico. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas t pareadas y análisis de varianza (ANOVA). RESULTADOS: Luego del tratamiento, el cuerpo del hioides en el grupo de ángulo alto presentó movimientos significativos hacia adelante y hacia arriba (p= 0.012 y p= 0.005). El cuerpo del hioides en el grupo de bajo ángulo exhibió avance significativo (p = 0.048) y un aumento significativo en la inclinación del hioides (p = 0.00). En el grupo de ángulo promedio, el cuerpo del hioides se movió significativamente hacia abajo (p = 0.031) y el tirohioideo se movió hacia arriba (p = 0.046). El Orthodontic Treatment of Patients with Mandibular Deviation análisis de ANOVA mostró que el tratamiento ortodóntico influye significativamente sobre el grado de inclinación y posición vertical del hioides (F = 6.37, p = 0. 003; F = 6.204, p = 0.004 y F = 3.393, p = 0. 025). El grupo de ángulo promedio mostró diferencias significativas en estos índices en comparación con los grupos de ángulo bajo y ángulo alto. El tratamiento ortodóntico influyó significativamente en el ángulo del plano de la mandíbula en el grupo de alto ángulo (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento ortodóntico influye en la posición hioidea de pacientes con diferentes patrones craneofaciales esqueléticos verticales de desviaciones mandibulares de diversos grados.

Appropriate antivenom doses for six types of envenomations caused by snakes in taiwan

Six of the 15 species of venomous snakes found in Taiwan are responsible for most of the clinically significant envenomations in the country. These species are: Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus, Trimeresurus stejnegeri, Naja atra, Bungarus multicinctus, Deinagkistrodon acutus and Daboia russelii siamensis, which together can be subdivided into three groups based on their venom effects. Primary treatment consists of rapid administration of appropriate antivenoms. The present study aimed to identify a proper dose of antivenom for each snake group as well as to describe hemorrhagic, neurotoxic, and mixed effects of their venoms. A retrospective chart review identified 72 snakebite cases referred to an emergency department. Data on epidemiology, examination findings, snake identification, treatment, antivenom dose and complications were collected. After excluding 14 patients, data from 58 victims were analyzed. Most studied cases were male (86 percent). Significantly higher doses of antivenom were administered against neurotoxic envenomations (mean dose: three vials) compared with the other two (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients affected by neurotoxic bites were more likely to develop blurred vision and other complications (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that neurotoxic envenomation was a risk factor for complications (OR: 8.84, 95 percent CI: 1.06-73.73). Neurotoxic envenomations and complication occurrence were positively correlated with antivenom dosage. In conclusion, patients affected by neurotoxic envenomations received higher doses of antivenom than others whereas incidence of complications was associated with higher antivenom doses.

Alien hand syndrome: contradictive movement and disorder of color discrimination.

A senile Chinese female patient with alien hand syndrome of vascular etiology is reported. This case exhibited contradictive movement, left-lateral paresis and disorder of color discrimination, which might be a new subtype of the alien limb syndrome.