Analysis of the efficacy of endoscopic transnasal surgery for sinonasal and skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic transnasal surgery for sinonasal and skull base adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and to analyze the prognostic factors. Methods: Data of 82 patients (43 females and 39 males, at a median age of 49 years old) with sinonasal and skull base ACC who were admitted to XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University between June 2007 and June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were staged according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition. The disease overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results: There were 4 patients with stage Ⅱ, 14 patients with stage Ⅲ, and 64 patients with stage Ⅳ. The treatment strategies included purely endoscopic surgery (n=42), endoscopic surgery plus radiotherapy (n=32) and endoscopic surgery plus radiochemotherapy (n=8). Followed up for 8 to 177 months, the 5-year OS and DFS rates was 63.0% and 51.6%, respectively. The 10-year OS and DFS rates was 51.2% and 31.8%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that late T stage and internal carotid artery (ICA) involvement were the independent prognostic factors for survival in sinonasal and skull base ACC (all P<0.05). The OS of patients who received surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy was significantly higher than that of patients who received surgery plus radiochemotherapy (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Endoscopic transonasal surgery or combing with radiotherapy is an effective procedure for the treatment of sinonasal and skull base ACC. Late T stage and ICA involvement indicate poor prognosis.

Influence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on cerebral blood flow in preterm infants: a prospective study based on arterial spin labeling / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate local cerebral blood perfusion in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on cerebral blood flow (CBF) values of arterial spin labeling (ASL).@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 90 preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g who were born in the Department of Obstetrics and admitted to the Department of Neonatology in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2021 to June 2022. All of the infants underwent cranial MRI and ASL at the corrected gestational age of 35-40 weeks. According to the presence or absence of BPD, they were divided into a BPD group with 45 infants and a non-BPD group with 45 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of the CBF values of the same regions of interest (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, thalamus, and basal ganglia) on ASL image.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group had a significantly lower 1-minute Apgar score, a significantly longer duration of assisted ventilation, and a significantly higher incidence rate of fetal distress (P<0.05). After control for the confounding factors such as corrected age and age at the time of cranial MRI by multiple linear regression analysis, compared with the non-BPD group, the BPD group still had higher CBF values of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, basal ganglia, and thalamus at both sides (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BPD can increase cerebral blood perfusion in preterm infants, which might be associated with hypoxia and a long duration of assisted ventilation in the early stage.

Construction of early risk prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To construct risk prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants on postnatal days 3, 7, and 14.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 414 preterm infants, with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight (BW) of <1 500 g, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from July 2019 to April 2021. According to the diagnostic criteria for BPD revised in 2018, they were divided into a BPD group with 98 infants and a non-BPD group with 316 infants. The two groups were compared in terms of general status, laboratory examination results, treatment, and complications. The logistic regression model was used to identify the variables associated with BPD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of models.@*RESULTS@#The logistic regression analysis showed that BW, asphyxia, grade III-IV respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), acute chorioamnionitis, interstitial pneumonia, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO@*CONCLUSIONS@#BW, asphyxia, grade III-IV RDS, acute chorioamnionitis, interstitial pneumonia, FiO

Structure-based strategy for consistency evaluation of dosage forms / 药学学报

Strategies and techniques are extremely important to improve the evaluation efficiency and fully guarantee the consistency of dosage forms. For preparations with a structural feature as solid dosage forms and particulate dispersion systems, the structures of dosage forms are the outcome of the specific formulation and production process, which determine the drug delivery behaviors as well as the pharmacokinetics of the dosage forms. Conventional techniques failed to quantitatively determine the structures of dosage forms. Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography is a new generation of structural quantitative characterization technology in revealing the internal structure of dosage forms with unprecedented capability for quantitative characterization of the static and dynamic structures of dosage forms, enabling to reversely analyze the production process and identify the structure differences between the generics and brand products. Based on synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography methodology researches and applications in static structures (powders, particulate systems, tablets, films, membranes, etc.), dynamic structures (hydration) and de-formulation of production process, we have classified the structures of dosage forms into four levels from macro-scope to molecular level as dosage forms, granular intermediates for formulation, dynamic structure and molecular structures, and proposed dosage form structure based new strategy for consistency evaluation. Along with conventional dissolution/ release behavior similarity, the internal structure consistency ensures high consistency between the brand product and the generics.

Self-rated efficacy in bilateral aural atresia patients using bone-anchored hearing aid / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using questionnaires to evaluate the audiological benefit and satisfaction of bilateral aural atresia patients with bone-anchored hearing aid (Baha).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Implanted Baha user questionnaire was applied to 19 patients suffering bilateral aural atresia, and 15 of the patients were evaluated with abbreviated profile of hearing aid benefit (APHAB). Glasgow children's benefit inventory (GCBI) was used to measure subjective benefit of patients under the age of 18.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Baha user questionnaire demonstrated great satisfaction. The mean Baha scores for the subdomains of ease of communication (EC), backgroud noise (BN) and revereration (RV) were decreased by 54.6 ± 10.2 (t = 20.6, P < 0.05), 46.9 ± 11.1 (t = 16.4, P < 0.05) and 58.8 ±15.4 (t = 21.4, P < 0.05) compared to the unaided scores. For the subdomain of aversiveness (AV), the Baha score was 56.7 ± 9.9 (t = 10.8, P < 0.05) higher than the unaided score. The general benefit score GCBI was 41.1 ± 13.0.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baha can significantly improve hearing ability and quality of life of patients with bilateral aural atresia.</p>