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Objective: To validate the high-expression of G2 and S phase-expressed protein 1 (GTSE1) gene expression in primary liver cancer tissues and cell lines, and further to study the effect of GTSE1 gene silencing on the apoptosis of liver cancer cells. Methods: The expression matrix data of 4 individual clinical studies on primary liver cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed using R software, and the differentially expressed genes between liver cancer and adjacent tissues were screened. The high expression of GTSE 1, one of the up-regulated genes, was validated in 3 cases of liver cancer tissues and 3 stains of liver cancer cell lines by Western blotting. Hep-G2 and Bel-7402 cells were transfected with the specific siRNA targeting GTSE 1 gene, then the effects of GSTE1 gene expression down-regulation on the proliferation, apoptosis and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity of liver cancer cells were measured by CCK-8 and FCM, respectively. Furthermore, the content and sub-cellular localization of p53 as well as the expression alteration of Bcl-2 family members were detected by Western blotting. Results: 51 up-regulated and 146 down-regulated genes were found in all 4 studies. Among them, the up-regulation of GTSE1 gene expression was further verified in 3 clinical liver cancer tissue samples and 3 liver cancer cell lines Hep-G2, Bel-7402 and SMMC-7721 (all P < 0.001). The silencing efficiency of GTSE1 gene in Hep-G2 and Bel-7402 cells transfected with the specific siRNA was more than 70%. After the down-regulation of GTSE1 expression, the proliferation of Hep-G2 and Bel-7402 cells was significantly inhibited in a time-dependent manner (all P < 0.05), the cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase, the apoptotic rate was significantly increased, and the cell sensitivity to 5-FU was significantly enhanced (all P < 0.01). In GTSE1 expression down-regulated Hep-G2 and Bel-7402 cells, the levels of total p53 and phosphorylated p53 were up-regulated (all P < 0.05), and the nuclear portion of p53 was increased (both P < 0.01); while the expression levels of Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic members Bak and Bax were significantly raised, and the anti-apoptotic member Bcl-2 expression were reduced (all P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The down-regulation of GTSE1 expression promotes the apoptosis of liver cancer cells by activating p53 pathway, and enhances the response to anti-tumor drugs.
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Objective To explore the structure changes of white matter in the first-episode schizo-phrenic patients with never-medicated(FESZ)and the relationship between facial emotion perception and white matter(WM)integrity.Methods Sixty-three schizophrenic patients and thirty health control subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)scans.Voxel-based analysis was used to compared fractional ani-sotropy(FA)map between the two groups.Correlations were analyzed with pearson relative analysis between impaired facial emotion perception tested by facial emotion categorization(FEC)and severity of symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results (1)Compared with controls, FESZ patients showed overall decreased FA in WM of the body of left ventral frontal lobe((MNI(x,y,z):-18,26,-4;t=4.43)),right supramarginal gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):32,-50,26;t=4.27)),left middle oc-cipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):-26,-60,0;t=4.89)),right middle occipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):28,-70, 14;t=4.18)),left fusiform gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):-40,-50,0;t=3.92)),left cerebellum anterior lobe ((MNI(x,y,z):-32,-56,-28;t=4.57)),right parahippocampa gyrus1((MNI(x,y,z):32,-10,-14;t=4.16)),right parahippocampa gyrus2((MNI(x,y,z):16,-6,-14;t=4.56)),left anterior cingulate ((MNI(x,y,z):-2,4,-6;t=4.41)),left extra-nuclear((MNI(x,y,z):-2,-10,-6;t=4.44)),right thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):10,-10,2;t=4.20)),left thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):-22,-28,12;t=4.01)), and right caudate((MNI(x,y,z):14,12,8;t=4.87)).(2)Compared with controls,the patients with schizo-phrenia showed a higher shift point and a steeper slope than control subjects in FEC.Correlational analysis re-vealed that the negative correlations were found between the slope and negative factor(r=-0.298,P=0.036),between positive factor and the FA value in WM of the right middle occipital gyral(r=-0.322,P=0.023)and the left middle occipital gyral(r=-0.288,P=0.043),and between the FA value in the left cere-bellum anterior lobe and shift point(r=-0.393,P=0.005),but the positive correlation was found between disorganized/concrete factor and the FA value in the right parahippocampal gyrus(r=0.429,P=0.002).Con-clusions There are extensive microstructural abnormalities in WM of patients with FESZ.Disrupted WM in-tegrity in these regions may constitute a potential neural pathological basis for the facial emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the patients satisfaction with participation in medical and nursing decision making and the influencing factors among cancer patients, and to provide a basis for developing better medical care services. Methods Totally 159 cancer patients were recruited from Beijing Cancer Hospital, and then were investigated with the general information questionnaire, the patients′ expectation for participation in clinical decision making scale, the patients′ competence for participation in clinical decision making scale, and the patients′satisfaction with participation in medical and nursing decision making questionnaires. Results The total score of patients′satisfaction with participation in medical and nursing decision making were (45.92±3.91) and (34.25±3.31) respectively. Compared with female patients, male patients had higher satisfaction with medical decision making (46.45±3.24&44.87±4.84) and nursing decision making (34.68 ± 2.93&33.42 ± 3.84) (t=2.416, P=0.017;t=2.275, P=0.024);and compared with melanoma patients, lung cancer patients had higher satisfaction with medical decision making (46.51 ± 2.69&43.33 ± 7.07, P=0.002);compared withⅢstage patients, Ⅳstage patients had higher satisfaction with nursing decision making(34.97±2.24&32.40±4.56, P<0.01). Meanwhile, the satisfaction with participation in decision making was significantly positively associated with patients′ expectation and competence for participation in clinical decision making. Conclusions Patients′satisfaction for decision making may vary from different gender, tumor types, disease stages, and patients′expectation and competence. Health care providers still further strength patients′ knowledge and initiative of decision making, and then improve patients′satisfaction with participation in decision making.
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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease in otolaryngology, and with the development of the therapy technology, most of the cases have reached a cure. But there are still some intractable cases in clinic, signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis of which still persist after the standardized drugs and technically adequate endoscopic sinus surgery, and this part is clinically named refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (RCRS). In recent studies of the pathogenesis of RCRS, bacterial biofilm (BBF) is attracting more attention. The main emphasis of this review will be to highlight the biological characteristics of BBF, the relationship of BBF and CRS and treatment strategies of BBF positive CRS.