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@#The detection of peripheral pulmonary lesions has increased gradually with the popularity of CT. Rapid and accurate diagnosis, and individualized treatment are two aspects we need to pay great attention to. These situations also raise higher request for the technique in diagnosis and treatment. At present, the commonly used transthoracic methods can increase the risk of complications such as pneumothorax and bleeding. The newly bronchoscopic approaches for diagnosis and treatment make less injury via natural lumen and have been applied widely in clinics. This review will introduce the worth expecting progress in bronchoscopic diagnosis and treatment for peripheral pulmonary lesions.
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Objective:To explore the effect of introducing mixed reality technology into traditional atlas teaching to teach airway anatomy under bronchoscopy.Methods:A total of 30 Batch 2017 fifth-year clinical medicine students from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were randomly divided into control group and test group by RAND function in Excel, with 15 students in each group. The control group was taught with the traditional bronchoscopic atlas teaching, and the test group was combined with mixed reality technology. The two groups had the same class time. After teaching, the teaching effect was evaluated by examination and evaluation questionnaire. SPSS 25.0 software was conducted for t test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The average score after teaching of test group was (61.67±20.15), and that of control group was (36.67±13.32), with statistically significant differences ( t=4.01, P<0.001). According to the questionnaire results, the scores of the test group on course understanding, course concentration, participation, mastery and satisfaction were better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Using mixed reality technology to assist the clinical teaching of airway anatomy under bronchoscopy can improve the quality of students' study and enhance their understanding of the teaching content and students' participation passion, achieving better teaching effect.
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Objective:To investigate the value of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) on the diagnosis of SCA3/MJD,and to calculate the correlation between 1H-MRS ratio and the clinical score.Methods:Sixteen patients with SCA3/MJD and 19 healthy volunteers were scanned with 1H-MRS.The data of N-acetyl aspartate,creatine,choline-containing compounds,myoinositol,NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,and mI/Cr ratio were collected,which were grouped for comparative study.The onset patients with SCA3/MJD were evaluated with the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia,the correlation between NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr or mI/Cr ratio and the clinical score was calculated.Results:The NAA/Cr in the pons and cerebellar dentate nucleus from the onset patients with SCA3/MJD was significantly reduced compared to that in the normal control group.The NAA/Cr in the cerebellar dentate nucleus of onset patients with SCA3/MJD was obviously correlated with ICARS.Conclusion:SCA3/MJD lesions are mainly located in the cerebellum and brainstem,where gray and white mater are also involved.The cerebellar dentate nucleus may be the earliest involved area.There is a correlation between the ICARS and the cerebellar lesion degree.The ICARS reflects the severity of clinical manifestations.1H-MRS is useful in the diagnosis of SCA3/MJD.
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Objective To synthesis and characterization nano-composite biomaterials-polyamidoamine dendrimers/nano-hydroxyapatite (PAMAM/n-HAP),which has the properties of both organic and inorganic materials,and then evaluate its role in dentin tubule occlusion. Methods PAMAM/n-HAP was characterized and validated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy after its preparation via the Pramanik aqueous-based chemical method. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate its role in dentin tublule occlusion. Results The peak absorption bands were found at 1244 cmand 1650 cmin Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A relatively low-density coating (about 10 nm) appeared on the n-HAP. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of PAMAM/n-HAP. The scanning electron microscope showed that PAMAM/n-HAP could effectively reduce the diameter of the dentin tubule and close dentin tubule. Conclusion PAMAM/n-HAP,as a newly synthesized biomaterial,has a good binding capacity with collagen fibers with the help of superficial carboxyl. It can induce effective dentinal tubule occlusion,indicating that PAMAM/n-HAP have great potential in clinical practice for dentin hypersensitivity.
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Objective:To compare quantitatively the quality of the canal isthmus retropreparation among three kinds of ultrasonic ret-rotips.Methods:1 20 maxillary bicuspid teeth with two canals and an isthmus were randomly assigned to 3 groups(n=40).The canal isthmus retropreparation were made respectively using ultrasonic niti tip RE2,diamond tip Berutti and #25K file.Image processing and analysis system were used to measure the preoperative and postoperative parameters for further evaluation.Results:The cutting volume of ultrasonic niti tip RE2 group was significantly less than those of other two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ultrasonic niti tip RE2 is feasible in the canal isthmus retropreparation.
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Objective:To evaluate the sealing ability of the 3.0th generation of polyamidoamine dendrimer(3.0 PAMAM)on hu-man dentinal tubules.Methods:1 6 extracted premolars were cut into 2 mm thick dentin slices to establish sensitive dentin model in vitro.Then 2 samples without any treatment were selected randomly into demineralized dentin group,and the remain 1 4 dentine pills were divided into 2 groups by the random number table(n=7).Samples in the experimental group were treated with 3.0 PAMAM, those in the control group were treated with deionized water.After having immersed in the artificial saliva for 2 and 4 weeks respec-tively,the dentin slices were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). Results:SEM showed that the minerals on the surfaces of the dentine disks in experimental group were formed gradually with the time,the dentinal tubules were blocked 4 weeks after treatment.The minerals on the sample surface in control group were less and the dentinal tubules remained open.EDS results showed that Ca/P(1 .49 ±0.1 6)of mineral deposition in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (1 .1 8 ±0.20)(P<0.05).Conclusion:The 3.0th generation of PAMAMhas the occlu-ding ability by inducing remineralization on the dentine surface and it may be used in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the remineralization effect of Ca(OH)2 pre-treated with carboxylmodified polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM) on demineralized dentin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two demineralized dentin models were divided into four groups randomly as follows: control group with no treatment, Ca(OH)2 group pretreated with Ca(OH)2 solution, PAMAM group processed with carboxyl-modified PAMAM, and PAMAM+Ca(OH)2 group processed with carboxyl-modified PAMAM and pretreated with Ca(OH)2 solution. All samples were immersed in artificial saliva for two weeks. The remineralization effects of dentin discs were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Observed by the SEM, it was showed that in PAMAM+Ca(OH)2 group almost all the dentinal tubules were occluded by the minerals, however this was not found in other groups. The minerals proved were hydroxyapatite through EDS and XRD tests.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was potential superiority of the carboxyl-modified PAMAM with Ca(OH)2 solution in promoting the remineralization of initial dentin lesions.</p>
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Humans , Calcification, Physiologic , Calcium Hydroxide , Pharmacology , Dentin , Physiology , Durapatite , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Polyamines , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Saliva, Artificial , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the quality of the canal isthmus retropreparation among three ultrasonic retrotips.Methods:120 maxillary bicuspid teeth with 2 canals and an isthmus were randomly assigned to 3 groups(n =40).The canal isthmus were retro-preparated by ultrasonic Ni-Ti tip RE2,diamond tip Berutti and #25K file respectively.The quality of cavity margin,the number and type of the micro-cracks were evaluated by SEM.Data were statistically analysed by Kruskal Wallis Test of SPSS 13.0.Results:The cavity margin quality of ultrasonic Ni-Ti tip RE2 group was superior to that of other 2 groups(P =0.003);The number of micro-crack in Ni-Ti tip RE2 group was less than that of other 2 groups(P =0.003).The type of micro-cracks has no significant difference among the 3 groups(P =0.830).Conclusion:Ultrasonic Ni-Ti tip RE2 is feasible in the canal isthmus retropreparation.
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Objective:To compare the quality of root-end preparation quantitatively between ultrasonic retrotips and traditional slow-speed handpiece. Methods: 27 maxillary second bicuspid teeth with two canals and an isthmus were randomly assigned to 3 groups.Root-end preparations were made respectively using ultrasonic diamond tip Berutti and niti tip RE2, ultrasonic 40~#K file and slow-speed handpiece with No.2 round bur. Image processing and analysis system were used to measure the preoperation and postoperation parameters for further evaluating the difference between the two techniques. Results: The cutting volume of ultrasonic instruments was less than slow-speed handpiece(P<0.000 1). Conclusion: Ultrasonic instrument is better in the root-end preparation than traditional slow-speed handpiece.
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Objective:To compare the quality of root-end preparation quantitatively between ultrasonic retrotips and traditional slow-speed handpiece.Methods:27 maxillary second bicuspid teeth with two canals and an isthmus were randomly assigned to 3 groups.Root-end preparations were made respectively using ultrasonic diamond tip Berutti and niti tip RE2,ultrasonic #40K file and slow-speed handpiece with No.2 round bur.Image processing and analysis system were used to measure the preoperation and postoperation parameters for further evaluating the difference between the two techniques.Results:The cutting volume of ultrasonic instruments was less than slow-speed handpiece(P
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Objective:To combine the cold lateral condensation with System B root canal filling techniques in order to increase the amount of gutta-percha to fit different canal that could improve percentage of gutta-percha-filled area(PGFA)and decrease the probability of apical extrusion. Methods: Two groups of extracted human canines (total 80) were prepared by modified double-flared technique and filled with gutta-percha by System B technique and the combined technique respectively. The overfilling samples were collected. A horizontal section was cut 1.5 mm from the apical foramen of each tooth. The cross-sectional area of the canal and the gutta-percha was measured using an image-analysis program. The PGFA was then calculated. Results:Overfilling rate in the combined technique group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P