ABSTRACT
In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC), the existence of N6-methyladenine (6 mA) in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently. Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells, suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) still remains uncharacterized. In this study, a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed, which revealed enhanced 6 mA metabolism in diverse cancer types. The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism, as well as its effects on TSCC cells. To these aspects, genome 6 mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells. By knocking down 6 mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4, the level of genomic 6 mA was decreased in TSCC cells. This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration. By contrast, knockdown of 6 mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level, enhanced colony formation, and cell migration. Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells. Therefore, in the case of TSCC, we have shown that genomic 6 mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Humans , AlkB Homolog 1, Histone H2a Dioxygenase/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)/metabolism , Tongue Neoplasms/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The target gene cannot be deleted at specific time by using conditional gene knockout system. Most gene knockout animals cannot survive during embryonic development and after birth, which limits the study of gene function. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent advances about time-specific gene knockout technology. METHODS: An online search in PubMed was performed from the initial stage of database establishment to August 2014. The key words were gene knockout, inducer and Cre/loxP system. The repeated experiment and unrelated articles were excluded during primary search. A summary was made by analyzing time-specific gene knockout technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUTION: Most important gene knockout animals could not survive after birth, or die at early embryonic stage due to serious physical defects induced by an important gene deletion. Therefore, the progress in the functionality of a gene at a particular time, the genetic characteristics of an individual organism in a particular developmental period, and the treatment of certain acquired disease at a given time have been limited because of the limitations of research methods. However, the occurrence of conditional gene knockout animals, especial y time-specific knockout animals, provides a research model for the study of these areas. This study reviewed the recent advances, development and application about time-specific gene knockout animals, and discussed the significance and broad prospects of time-specific gene knockout technology of specific genes in the field of scientific research.
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Objective To understand the risk factors of the elderly in community of Haining city in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Methods Take the elderly Chang street Haining city selected cluster sampling method 7 437 ≥60 years as the research subjects,by using a self-designed questionnaire Alzheimer's disease causes and clinical dementia rating scale,understanding the factors that may affect Alzheimer's disease and aggravating factors,and the data of multi factor regression analysis.Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that women (Wald x2 =19.96,P ＜ 0.01),aged (Wald x2 =96.01,P ＜ 0.01),widowed (Wald x2 =5.09,P ＜ 0.05),smoking/drinking (Wald x2 =47.77,P ＜ 0.01),living alone (Wald x2 =16.14,P ＜ 0.01),depression (Wald x2 =12.05,P ＜ 0.01) were the risk factors of Alzheimer's disease; Rural (Wald x2 =458.11,P ＜ 0.01) ; Lowculture (Wald x2 =121.39,P ＜0.01) were protective factors for Alzheimer's disease.According to the clinical dementia rating scale of disease severity assessment and pathogenesis of polytomous Logistic regression,the results showed that the elderly (Wald x2 =50.37,P ＜ 0.01),lowculture (Wald x2 =30.39,P ＜ 0.01),widowed (Wald x2 =5.20,P ＜ 0.05),living alone (Wald x2 =16.50,P ＜ 0.01),somatic diseases (Wald x2 =16.58,P ＜ 0.01) and large maternal age (Wald x2 =10.53,P ＜ 0.01) were risk factors for disease.Conclusion Age,widowed,solitude are common risk factors of Alzheimer's disease and aggravating factors,should be combined with risk factors for chronic disease management actively take measures to prevent and delay the occurrence,the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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0.05). Serum sCD44v6 levels in patients with OSCC decreased after treatment (P
ABSTRACT
The m. extensor hallucis brevis and m. extensor digitorum brevis and their blood vessels and nerves of 30 feet of Chinese cadavers are observed and measured under the operative microscope. A. tarsea lateralis and the lateral branch of nervus peroneus profundus are the best choice as the pedicle of the musculo-cutaneous flaps at dorsalis pedis. According to necessities the size of muscle may be detected randomly from medial to lateral.
ABSTRACT
The blood vessels and nerves of the sole skin of 50 feet of Chinese adult cadavers were observed with an operative microscope. The blood supply of the central part of the sole comes mainly from the medial and lateral plantar ar teries (MPA and LPA). Their average diameter is larger than 2.0mm and their trunk is usually longer than 80mm. When a skin flap is designed, the cutaneous branches from LPA are much better than those from MPA so far as the number of the branches, their external diameter and the extent of the distribution are considered.When the sole skin is stripped away, the cut ends of the cutaneous arteries present a multiple dot-like appearance on the surface of the superficial fascia. The external diameter of the arterial branches, the number of the branches in an unit area, and the total area of the cross section of the branches are different among the regions of the heel and the metatarsal heads, and the central part of the sole. They vary with the weight born on each region.All the cutaneous arteries of the sole are accompanied with veins respectively. Most of the MPA and LPA are accompanied with two veins with a diameter larger than 1.9mm on average. The two veins terminate by joining into two posterior tibial veins.