ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent male urogenital malignancy.The tumor cells are prone to castration-resistance after androgen deprivation therapy.Variation and reactivation of androgen receptor,and the change in the tumor microenvironment are the major pathological factors for development of castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (CRPC).Systematically analyzing and understanding the mechanisms for castration-resistance of prostate carcinoma will be significant for laying the basis for improvement of the strategies on precise treatment for CRPC.
ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent male urogenital malignancy.Androgen deprivation therapy is the principal method for initial treatment for the patients,but the majority of them will eventually develop progressive disease,a status called castration-resistant prostate carcinoma.Lots of susceptibility genes,tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes,and their variations rdevant to the occurrence and development of prostate cancer have been revealed by the studies of molecular oncology.These findings on the molecular basis of prostate carcinogenesis will further improve the strategies on prevention,diagnosis and clinical management for prostate carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of follow-up treatment compliance on prognosis after gastroesophageal varices treated under endoscopy.Methods Up to 416 liver cirrhosis patients after gastroesophageal varices treated under endoscopy were follow-up and divided into compliance group and control group according to whether the patients had follow-up treatment compliance condition.The factors caused the difference of follow-up treatment compliance were analyzed.The differences in the follow-up indexes such as rebleeding,mortality,rehospitalization were compared between the two groups.The differences in indexes between two groups were stratifiedly analyzed according to liver function Child-Pugh classification.Chi-square four data table test was for two independent samples comparison.Results The differences of education level,income and the medical condition of residential area determined the difference of follow-up compliance.After gastroesophageal varices patients treated under endoscopy,the total rebleeding rate was 35.1 ％ (146/416) and and the mortality rate was 9.4％ (39/416).The rebleeding rate and mortality rate of the compliance group were significantly lower than those of control group (26.1％ (61/234) vs 46.7％(85/182),x2=19.137,P＜0.01; 6.4％(15/234) vs 13.2％(24/182),x2=5.533,P=0.019).Among the 273 Child-Pugh A level patients,the detection rate of liver cancer (3.7％,10/273),liver transplantation rate (3.7％,10/273),splenectomy plus portal azygous disconnection rate (6.6％,18/ 273) of compliance group were higher than those of control group (x2 =4.086,P =0.043; x2 =4.086,P=0.043; x2 =5.515,P=0.019).Among the 102 Child-Pugh B level patients,there were statistical differences between compliance group and control group in rebleeding rate (x2 =21.297,P＜0.01),motality (x2=3.525,P=0.042),ascites (x2=4.451,P=0.035),life quality (x2 =10.454,P=0.001) and liver function (x2 =8.197,P=0.004).However,there were no statistical differences in all indexes between the two groups of Child-Pugh C level patients (all P＞0.05).Conclusion To improve the follow-up treatment compliance remarkably,decreased the rebleeding rate and mortality,contributed to early detection of liver cancer and early liver transplatation,thus the prognosis was improved consequently.