ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the mediating effects of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences.Methods:In October 2021, 602 freshmen from a university in Guangdong Province were tested by childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), mindful attention awareness scale(MAAS), perceived stress scale(PSS), and community assessment of psychic experiences(CAPE). SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between groups, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation among childhood trauma, mindfulness, perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences. Bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating roles of mindfulness and perceived stress between childhood trauma and psychotic-like experiences. Results:(1) In the past one month, 59.5% of the freshmen had psychotic-like experiences, and 8.5% of them experienced the distress. (2)Childhood trauma was positively correlated with perceived stress( r=0.29, P<0.01), frequency ( r=0.14, P<0.01)and distress( r=0.17, P<0.01) of psychotic-like experiences, and was negatively correlated with mindfulness( r=-0.28, P<0.01). (2)Mindfulness and perceived stress played individual mediating effects and chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and frequency of psychotic-like experiences, with effect size of 0.08, 0.04, 0.03, accounting for 53.33%, 26.67%, 20.00% of the total indirect effect(effect size=0.15), respectively. Mindfulness and perceived stress played individual mediating effects and chain mediating effect between childhood trauma and distress of psychotic-like experiences, with effect size of 0.07, 0.04, 0.03, accounting for 50.00%, 28.57%, 21.43% of the total indirect effect(effect size=0.14), respectively. Conclusion:Childhood trauma can affect psychotic-like experiences and distress through the indirect effects of mindfulness and perceived stress, or through the chain mediating effect of mindfulness-perceived stress.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To identify 49 Aeromonas caviae strains isolated form foodborne and environmental samples and analyze their virulence and antibiotic resistance. Methods:All strains were identified by VITEK and API 20NE. Two housekeeping genes, gryB and rpoD, were amplified by PCR for phylogenetic analysis. Virulence genes including act, alt, ast, lip, ahp, aerA, hlyA, ompA1 and fla were detected by PCR. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains was tested with AST-GN16 kit. Results:Fifty-four Aeromonas caviae/ Aeromonas hydrophila strains were identified by biochemical tests. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that there were 49 Aeromonas caviae strains, four Aeromonas hydrophila strains and one Aeromonas taiwanensis strain. The positive rates of alt, lip, ompA1, fla, act, aerA and hlyA genes were 100.00%, 100.00%, 79.59%, 14.29%, 2.04%, 2.04% and 2.04%, respectively. None of the isolates carried ast or ahp gene. A total of four virulence gene combination patterns were detected, and the predominant pattern was alt/ lip/ ompA1 (32/49). Antibiotic resistance rates of the Aeromonas caviae strains to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamet hoxoazole and aztreonam were 79.59%, 14.29%, 10.20%, 6.12%, 4.08%, 4.08% and 2.04%, respectively. All strains were susceptible to piparacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, tigacycline and nitrofurantoin. Two multidrug-resistant strains were detected. Conclusions:Aeromonas caviae/ Aeromonas hydrophila can be effectively identified by the housekeeping genes gyrB and rpoD, and the closely related Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas taiwanensis strains can be identified by rpoD. All Aeromonas caviae strains carried two or more virulence genes and one strain isolated from environment was positive for seven virulence genes. Aeromonas caviae strains were generally resistant to penicillin, which was mainly relate to the production of β-lactamase. No strain was resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines or furans. Multidrug-resistant strains were observed in food and drinking water.