[Diagnostic value of the bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease]

Background: The bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] cellular analysis is an invasive method of exploration of the lung. Its diagnostic value in interstitial lung disease [ILD] is integrated to a multi-disciplianry approach implicating clinicians, radiologists and pathologists

Aim: We targeted to evaluate the diagnostic value of the BAL

Methods: We reported a retrospective study about patients hospitalized for an ILD since the 1st January 2011 to the 31th December 2013. Thirty three patients were admitted in the Department of Pulmonology and the BAL analyses were studied in the Department of Pathology of the same hospital. The different cell patterns were compared to the final diagnostics

Results: our study contained 4 non specific interstitial pneumonia [NSIP], 10 usual interstitial pneumoniae [UIP], 4 organizing pneumoniae [COP], 8 sarcoidosis, 2 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 3 infectious pneumonitis, 1 lymphoma and a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. We considered positive results those that were compatible with the final diagnosis. The profile lavage was typical in 1 NSIP, 3 UIP, 3 COP, 1 hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 6 sarcoidosis, 3 infectious pneumonitis and 1 adenocarcinoma. Among the 17 cases with an atypical profile lavage, radiological features were diagnostic in 10 cases. This finding highlights the fact that 7 cases/ 33 presented simultaneously an atypical profile lavage and non specific radiological findings

Conclusion: Our results put emphasis on the diagnostic value of BAL especially when it is integrated to a multi-disciplinary approach. Its value in the follow up, the evaluation of the activity of the disease and the prognosis is being more and more reported

[Neoplasic vena cava syndrome]

Vena cava superior syndrome results of an obstruction of superior vein cava [SVC] and/or brachiocaphalic venous troncs by extrinsic compression and/or by tumoral or cruoric thrombosis. The bronchopulmonary cancer represents the most frequent aetiology. The aim of this study is to establish clinical, radiological, evolutive profiles and modalities of treatment of neoplastic vena cava superior syndrome independently of its histological type. It is a retrospective study about 20 patients presenting vena cava superior syndrome compliquating primary bronchopulmonary cancer, hospitalized between January 2000 and December 2007 in Ibn Nafiss department in Abderrahmen Mami hospital. All patients were males with an average of 57, 8 years. Vena cava superior syndrome had revealed cancer in 60% of cases. It was metachrone in 40% of the patients. The most frequent histological type was small cell lung cancer. Treatment was proceeded in 2 steps, symptomatic and etiologic for the bronchopulmonary cancer. The bronchopulmonary cancer is the most frequent aetiology of vena cava superior syndrome. Its treatment is actually well codified

[Immature t eratoma of the ovary and pregnancy]

Composing of less than 1%of all ovarian cancers, immature teratoma is a malignancy that mainly affects the young. Immature teratoma of the ovary together with pregnancy is rare. To nor knowledge, this association was reported only in twelve cases. We Report two cases of immature teratoma of the ovary diagnosed during pregnancy and their respective issue. Observation 1st case. A 28 years old woman gravida 1 with an immature teratoma of the ovary discovered during delivery by caesarean section. The treatment was conservative including salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy. aortic lymph node dissection and appendectomy. This patient had a second pregnancy with a good outcome. She delivered by cacsarean section in order to perform radical treatment: hysterectomy and oophorectomy of the remaining ovary. 2nd case. A 22 years old woman gravida I with adnexal mass diagnosed during an ultrasonography exam at 15 weeks gestation. A conservative treatment was indicated, including salpingo oophorectomy, omentectomy, aortic lymph node dissection, appendectomy and biopsy of the resnaining ovary. The patient bad a normal vaginal delivery. Immature teratoma is graded from 1 to 3. The management of this association is discussed, but it takes in consideration the surgical staging, the grade and the secretion of alpha FP. Conservative treatment without associating chemotherapy can be tempted in tumours with a stade Al and a low grade

[Rare localisation of sarcoma of the child: thoracic Ewing sarcoma]

Ewing Sarcoma is considered as primitive neuron ectodermic tumor. It's the most frequent osseous tumor in children and adolescent. It was localised frequently at long osseous and pelvis, however, it can be arising from the rib. this article aimed to show that Ewing sarcome could arise twely from thorax. We report the case of 15-year-old girl, admitted in our hospital because of left scapular pain with important weight loss. Chest X ray showed dense left latero tracheal opacity with mediastinal limits. Bronchofiberoscopy was performed and it showed no abnormalities. Thoracic CT scan and MRI noted left posteroir expansif mediastinal process infiltrating D2, D3 and homolateral conjugation's canal. This process was associated at vertebral metastasis in Dl, D4 and D8.Rapid clinical aggravation, with installation for medullar compression was noted. The patient had benefit for three cures of decompress radiotherapy and treated by laminectomy of dorsal vertebras in neurosurgery department. Morphologic aspects and immunohistochimical study for the operator piece concluded at Ewing sarcoma of the children considered as primitive neuron ectodermic tumor. Six cures of chemotherapy had been prescribed with well recuperation of the motor failure. She still on life since 7 months. Even rare, thoracic localisation of Ewing sarcoma in not exceptional, it is necessary to evocate it in front of mediastinal mass

[Endobronchial hamartoma revealed by hemoptysis]

Hamartoma is the most frequent benign tumor of the lung. Its endo bronchial location is rare. We report two cases of endo bronchial hamartoma occurring in 2 men aged 68 and 60 years respectively. The two cases were revealed by hemoptysis. Bronchial fibroscopy showed a bud respectively in the left stump and in the lower left bronchus. Treatment consisted in a pneumonectomy and a lower lobectomy. A histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of endo bronchial hamartoma. Diagnosis of endobronchial hamartoma before surgery is difficult. Pulmonary resections are often necessary because of parenchyma lesions caused bronchial obstruction