Trends and determinants of contraceptive use among young [15-24 year] married women: a secondary analysis based on the 2008 and 2014 Egypt demographic and health surveys

Background: young females in Egypt still face a number of challenges regarding their reproductive health [RH] despite efforts to enhance it. Importance of young women?s reproductive choices arises from the concept that early childbearing can impair their health and their productive participation in community

Aim: the paper aimed to explore the key determinant of the contraceptive [CC] use amongst young married females in Egypt using the 2008 and 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey [EDHS] with a comprehensive look at the CC use changes occurred in the study period 2008-2014

Subjects and Methods: data from the 2008 and 2014 EDHS were secondary analyzed. Variables were selected to assess their effect on CC use. Multivariable regression analyses were performed. Odds ratio was computed

Results: overall contraceptive prevalence [CP] decreased from 53.7% in 2008 to 51.2% in 2014. Traditional methods were responsible for this decrease. Younger age, being from rural Upper Egypt, husband desire for more children, no visit to health facility were the most important risk factors for not using any CC method among Egyptian young married females in 2008. Added to these factors; low women autonomy, no exposure to family planning message, in the poster and women justifying husband violence in 2014. However, region lost its significance as a determinant in 2014

Conclusions: our results discovered the determinants that modulate the CC use behavior among Egyptian young married females

Prevalence of skin diseases in rural areas of Lahj Governorate in South Yemen

Skin diseases are a major source of morbidity, loss of income and social exclusion in developing countries particularly rural areas. Epidemiological studies of skin diseases from Yemen are limited, so it is a pressing necessity to conduct such a study in South Yemen. To determine the prevalence of various skin diseases in rural areas of south Yemen. A cross-sectional community - based survey was followed. The survey included 4021 rural inhabitants of all ages and both sexes from Lahj governorate [South Yemen] the data were collected through personal interview at homes from January -December 2007. They showed that 2304 [57.30%] of the studied population had one or morc disease. Pigmentray disorders had rate or 14.62% among the total sample, acne vulgaris, 9.00%, hair and scalp disorders 7.54% and naevoids disorders 7.14%. Of infective-parasitic dermatoses, bacterial infections were the predominant group with prevalence rate [3.56%], followed parasitic infestations [3.28%].Non infective dermatoses are common problem in rural areas of South Yemen. Geographical and socioeconomic factors may play a role in prevalence of some skin diseases

magnitude of tuberculosis problem among contacts to sputum positive patients in Sohag Governorate

This study involved thirty patients who proved to have active pulmonary tuberculosis by direct smear examination. Contact tracing identified 120 persons who met the definition of either close [113] or casual [7] contacts. The contacts were 63 males and 57 females with mean age of 17.1 years and the predominant age group of the contacts was below 10 years with total number of 42. There were 17 new cases of tuberculosis detected among contacts; 15 were diagnosed as pulmonary TB and 2 as extra pulmonary [one case of TB lymphadenitis and one case as Potts disease]. The proved risk factors among the contacts included the low socioeconomic level, bad housing, over crowding, daily contact, sleeping in the same room, while the risk factors among the index case included cough frequency presence of cavitation in the chest X-ray. Absence of BCG vaccination seriously affected the contacts as there were 11 cases of contacts with TB non vaccinated

Scoring system designed to improve case selection for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in upper Egypt

In an attempt to minimize unnecessary gastroscopic examinations, 405 patients attending for endoscopy to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Assiut University Hospital were interviewed. The results were analyzed to determine which factors best discriminate between those with serious disease [129] and those without 276. The seven characteristics which best discriminated between the two groups were: pain after 2 hours of meals, vomiting periodicity of symptoms, smoking, age, dysphagia and loss of weight. With the use of these features, a scoring system was devised to give an indication of the likelihood of finding serious disease in individual patients. The results showed that by utilizing this scoring system, it would be possible to reduce the number of examinations performed by 25.4% without missing any of the patients, yet still detect 100% of serious diseases. If confirmed in further prospective studies, this scoring system could assess more accurately the individual priority for endoscopy and enable optimum use of our limited resources

Chlamydia trachomatis and lower respiratory tract infection during infancy in Assiut

The study included 330 cases with lower acute respiratory tract infection [LARI] as well as 100 controls. Their ages ranged from 0 to 12 months [median 5 -months]. The cases were subjected to full clinical and radiological examination. The cases and controls were subjected to laboratory investigations which included determination of antichlamydial antibodies of IgG fraction in the serum, as well as gastric aspirate direct smear for determination of polymorphonuclear leucocytic proportion in relation to other cells and for bacterial and fungal detection. Cultures from gastric aspirate were done for bacterial and fungal isolation. The frequency of chlamydia trachomatis LARI was present in 15.2% of our cases. 29% of our cases with LARI between 1-6 months of age were due to chlamydia infection. The commonest presenting clinical picture of chlamydia LARI was that of bronchiolitis. The frequency of chlamydia bronchiolitis in our cases with LARI was significantly higher in low socio-economic state than the rest of the cases, in rural than urban cases, among artificially fed infants than breast fed ones and during spring and summer than autumn and winter. The frequencies of both acute otitis media and gastroenteritis were significantly higher among chlamydia LARI than other causes of LARI. The prognosis of chlamydia bronchiolitis was good except when associated with other bacterial infection. Gastric aspirate study proved to be as the sensitivity for direct gastric aspirate smear in detecting pathogenic micro-organisms In relation to culture was 84.6% for Candida, 81.3% for single bacterial infection and 69.7% for mixed bacterial infection useful tool in the diagnosis bacterial and fungal LARI in infancy, Chlamydial LARI should be considered in infants below 6 months of age with bronchiolitis

Schistosomiasis mansoni profile in upper Egypt

Scott [1937] reported that there was no Schistosomiasis mansoni infection detected in Upper Egypt. In the last few years, some cases of Schistosomiasis mansoni started to appear in villages of Upper Egypt. Evidence of local transmission in these villages was studied. The profile of schistosomiasis mansoni as related to age, sex, occupation, geographic distribution and tendency to appear in urine were studied

Utilization of maternal care in upper Egypt [user factors]

This study is a community based study conducted in Assiut city and three surrounding villages. 8656 pregnant women were identified in 1987 were followed until delivery or the end of pregnancy. One of the goals of this study was to evaluate the utilization of health services during pregnancy and labour and to know their determinants. The study showed that there are under utilization of maternal care [both prenatal and childbirth]; 31.9% used prenatal care and 31.6% used childbirth care. Logistic regression analysis of user's characteristics showed that women living in Assiut city, being in the age group 20-39 years, having moderate to high socioeconomic level, educated and employed, were associated with increased use of maternal care. Bad previous obstetric experience and the presence of significant complications in current pregnancy were significantly influencing the use of pre-natal care. Better understanding of characteristics of users of maternal care and determinants of utilization will help in improving and extending the utilization of health services to every pregnant woman. And ultimately will help reducing maternal mortality and morbidity