Impak Program Fit, Eat, Active, Training (F.E.A.T) Terhadap Status Pemakanan dan Aktiviti Fizikal dalam Kalangan Dewasa Berlebihan Berat Badan (Impact of the Fit, Eat, Active, Training (F.E.A.T) Program on Nutritional Status and Physical Activity among Overweight Adult) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Behavioural change interventions for weight loss have been found to be effective in the short term, but their long-term effectiveness remains a question. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the 36 weeks F.E.A.T program combining behavioural changes of healthy eating and physical activity. A quasi-experimental study of overweight adults was conducted in Malacca. A total of 53 subjects (mean age 47.4 ± 7.2 years) completed the program in three stages. In the first stage (T1: weeks 1–12), the intervention group (n = 28) participated in the F.E.A.T program activities, while the control group (n = 25) did not receive the intervention. In the second stage (T2: weeks 13-24), the activity was supervised and monitored by the peer support group. Sustainability of activity was measured at the third stage (T3: weeks 25-36). The effectiveness of the program was measured by changes in dietary intake, physical activity score, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage at T0 (pre-intervention), T1, T2 and T3. All parameters showed significant interaction effects (time*group) except for energy intake. The intervention group showed significant decreases from T0 to T3 for energy intake (-14.3%), body weight (-4.3%), BMI (-4.2%), WC (-10.5%) and body fat percentage (-3.6%). While physical activity level increased by 109.6% for the intervention group. There were no significant differences in all of these parameters among the control group. The results show the effectiveness of the F.E.A.T program on dietary status and physical activity changes during the 36-week of intervention period.

Study of thyroid dysfunction in postpartum psychosis

Background Becoming a mother of newborn involves adaptation to may changes socially and physiologically. Some risk factors are responsible for the development of postpartum psychosis including postpartum hormonal changes. Objectives: was to study the role of thyroid dysfunction in development of early postpartum psychosis among a sample of Egyptian women. Subjects and Methods: A total of 60 female patients with postpartum psychosis during the first four weeks after delivery not suffering from any previous psychiatric disorders (Case Group) and 30 female patients within the first four weeks after delivery not suffering any psychiatric disorders (Control Group) were subjected to clinical psychiatric assessment using structured psychiatric interview of DSM -V, BPRS, HDRS and measuring plasma level of thyroid hormones e.g., free triiodothyronine, free tetra-iodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone. Results: There were higher significant difference regarding thyroid dysfunction in patients with postpartum psychosis than in controls. Patients with postpartum psychosis with thyroid dysfunction have a higher significant score on BPRS and HDRS than patients with postpartum psychosis without thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: There is significant association between thyroid dysfunction in first four weeks after delivery and postpartumpsychosis

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para características de crescimento em ovinos da raça Suffolk no Brasil / Estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits in Suffolk sheep in Brazil

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos das características de crescimento da raça Suffolk, a fim de fornecer subsídio para a definição de estratégias de seleção para programas de melhoramento genético. Os dados analisados, coletados entre os anos de 2007 a 2009, são referentes a ovinos da raça Suffolk oriundos de uma propriedade localizada no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, participante do programa de melhoramento genético Ovigol, conduzido pela empresa Aries Reprodução e Melhoramento Genético Ovino Ltda. em parceria com a empresa AbacusBio Limited, da Nova Zelândia. As características avaliadas foram: peso ao nascer (PN), ganho de peso pré-desmame (GPP) e peso ao desmame (PD), com número de registro de 1.039, 636 e 649 animais, respectivamente. Para análise estatística, utilizou-se o procedimento GLM do programa computacional SAS; para a consistência do pedigree e para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, os programas computacionais utilizados foram Relax2: pedigree analysis program e o WOMBAT, respectivamente. O modelo linear geral incluiu sexo, grupo de contemporâneos (tipo de parto e ano de nascimento), covariável idade ao desmame (GPP e PD) com efeito quadrático, efeito genético aditivo direto, efeito de ambiente permanente materno e efeito residual. As herdabilidades para PN, GPP e PD foram 0,06, 0,42 e 0,37, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre PN e GPP, PN e PD e GPP e PD foram -0,10, -0,03 e 0,97, respectivamente. Na população estudada, as características GPP e PD, apresentam altas respostas à seleção, ao contrário do PN. As características PN e GPP são suficientes para compor um índice de seleção, sendo aconselhável o monitoramento do PN na fase inicial do programa.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for growth of Suffolk, in order to provide a basis for the definition of selection strategies for breeding programs. The data analyzed are for Suffolk sheep, collected between years 2007 to 2009, from a property located in the State of São Paulo - Brazil, a participant in the Ovigol breeding program conducted by the company (Aries Reproduction and Breeding Sheep Ltd.) in partnership with (AbacusBio) New Zealand Limited. The evaluated characteristics were: birth weight (PN), weight gain pre-weaning (GPP) and weaning weight (PD), with registration number 1039, 636 and 649 respectively. For statistical analysis we used the GLM procedure of SAS software, for the consistency of pedigree and genetic parameter estimates software Relax2: pedigree analysis program and WOMBAT, respectively, were used. The general linear model included sex, contemporary group (type of birth and year of birth), covariate age at weaning (GPP and PD) with a quadratic effect, direct genetic effect, maternal permanent environmental effect and residual effect. Heritability estimates for PN, PD and GPP were 0.06, 0.42 and 0.37, respectively. Genetic correlations between PN and GPP, and PN and PD and GPP were -0.10, -0.03 and 0.97, respectively. In the study population characteristics GPP and PD have a high response to selection, unlike the PN. The GPP and PN characteristics are enough to make a selection index, it is advisable to monitor the PN in the initial phase of the program.

Uso de modelos lineares mistos na avaliação genética de escores visuais: estudo de simulação / Using linear mixed models in genetic evaluation of visual scores: simulation study

Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação da metodologia de modelos lineares mistos em características de escores visuais por meio de simulação, considerando-se duas estruturas populacionais (com e sem seleção), dois níveis de herdabilidade (0,1 e 0,4) e quatro níveis de conectabilidade (8, 20, 38 e 60 por cento). As populações com e sem seleção estavam constituídas por 6660 e 3360 animais, respectivamente, dos quais os últimos 2460 animais tinham fenótipo para o escore visual. Assumiu-se uma variável contínua adjacente ao escore visual, a partir da qual foram definidos os intervalos correspondentes a cada categoria de escore visual. O processo de simulação foi feito por meio do software R, e a estimação de parâmetros e predição de valores genéticos pelo software Wombat, sob modelo animal, considerando-se modelos com e sem efeitos fixos. Os critérios de avaliação foram: o erro quadrático médio (EQM) para a herdabilidade e as correlações de Spearman entre os valores genéticos verdadeiros e preditos. As estimativas da herdabilidade apresentaram-se próximas do valor verdadeiro nos cenários sem seleção (0,084-0,101 e 0,367-0,389), no entanto este resultado não ocorreu quando houve seleção, pois a herdabilidade apresentou-se subestimada (0,032 e 0,278). As correlações apresentaram-se maiores nos cenários sem seleção e com herdabilidade de 0,4 (0,86-0,89). Em todos os cenários simulados, a inclusão do efeito fixo no modelo melhorou as estimativas de herdabilidade e as correlações entre os valores genéticos verdadeiros e preditos. O nível de conectabilidade afetou a correção dos efeitos fixos feita pela atribuição dos escores. Em conclusão, a metodologia dos modelos lineares mistos pode ser utilizada na estimação de parâmetros e predição de valores genéticos de escores visuais em populações sem seleção, entretanto não se apresenta adequada em populações sob seleção...

This study aimed to evaluate the application of linear mixed models methodology using simulated data for trait visual scores, two population structures (with and without selection), two levels of heritability (0.1 and 0.4) and four levels of connectability (8, 20, 38 and 60 percent) were examined. Populations with and without selection consisted of 6,660 and 3,360 animals respectively, of which, the last in 2460 had score visual phenotypes. The scores were simulated with an underlying normal distribution from which intervals were defined corresponding to each category of the visual scores. The simulation process was performed in software R, to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values through software Wombat using animal model, considering models with and without fixed effects. The evaluation criteria were: the mean squared error (EQM) for heritability and Spearman correlations between true and predicted breeding values. Estimates of heritability showed close to the true value in scenarios without selection (0.084-0.101 and 0.367-0.389), however when selection was applied heritability was underestimated (0.032 and 0.278). Consistent with heritability, the correlations were higher for the scenarios without selection and with heritability of 0.4 (0.86-0.89). In all scenarios simulated the inclusion of fixed effects in the model improved the estimates of heritability and correlations between true and predicted breeding values. The level of connectability affected the correction of fixed effects done by allocating visual scores. The linear mixed model methodology can be used in the estimation of genetic parameters and predicted breeding values for visual scores in populations without selection, however, is not suiting in populations under selection...

Avaliação genética de caprinos da raça Saanen nascidos no Brasil de 1979 a 2009 / Genetic evaluation of Saanen goats born in Brazil from 1979 to 2009

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar herdabilidades, correlações genéticas e fenotípicas e tendências genéticas das características morfológicas e de tipo de caprinos da raça Saanen nascidos no Brasil de 1979 a 2009. Dados de 1243 caprinos, 197 machos e 1046 fêmeas, foram utilizados para estimar parâmetros genéticos e tendência das características: perímetro torácico, comprimento corporal, altura na cernelha, altura, largura e comprimento da garupa, bem como as principais características que definem o padrão racial e a aptidão do animal (paleta e linha superior, membros e pés, tipo leiteiro, capacidade de corpo, úbere, ligamento traseiro e dianteiro, textura do úbere, tetos e nota). Os componentes de variância foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita em análise multicaracterística. A tendência genética foi obtida por meio da regressão dos valores genéticos médios por ano de nascimento. As estimativas de herdabilidade das características morfofuncionais variaram de 0,08 a 0,45, as correlações genéticas de -0,58 a 0,89 e fenotípicas de -0,11 a 0,87. A tendência foi de um leve declínio ao longo dos anos para a maior parte das características avaliadas, o que evidencia a existência de variabilidade genética aditiva entre os animais, mas demonstra que a seleção praticada tem sido pouco efetiva...

The aim of this study was to estimate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations and genetic trends of morphological characteristics and type of Saanen goats born in Brazil from 1979 to 2009. Data from 1243 goats, 197 males and 1046 females were used to estimate genetic parameters and trends for the following traits: girth, body length, wither height, height, width and rump length, and the main traits that define the breed standard and ability of the animal (shoulder and topline, limbs and feet, dairy type, body capacity, mammary gland, linking front and rear, texture of the udder, teats and note). Variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood multi-trait analysis. Genetic trends were obtained by regression of mean breeding values by year of birth. The heritability estimates of morphological and functional traits ranged from 0.08 to 0.45, the genetic correlations from -0.58 to 0.89 and phenotypes from -0.11 to 0.87. The trend was a slight decline over the years for most traits, which shows the existence of additive genetic variability among animals, but it demonstrates that the selection practiced has been ineffective...

Repercusión de los factores de riesgo reproductivos del hombre sobre la salud reproductiva de la mujer y su descendencia / Impact of man's reproductive risk factors on the woman's reproductive health and their descendant

Se efectuó un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, de serie de casos, de 9 parejas pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico "30 de Noviembre" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2012, con vistas a identificar los factores de riesgo reproductivos preconcepcionales del hombre y su repercusión sobre la salud reproductiva de la mujer y su descendencia. En la casuística, los hábitos tóxicos, la violencia intrafamiliar, el no uso del condón, así como las relaciones extramatrimoniales influyeron negativamente en la salud reproductiva de la pareja; en tanto, el conocimiento que poseían los hombres sobre el Programa de Riesgo Reproductivo Preconcepcional fue inadecuado.

A quantitative and qualitative case series study of 9 couples belonging to the health area of "30 de Noviembre" Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to December, 2012, with the aim of identifying the man's preconcepcional reproductive risk factors and their impact on the woman's reproductive health and their descendant. In the case material, the toxic habits, intrafamily violence, not using condom, as well as the extramarital relationships influenced negatively in the couple's reproductive health; while, the knowledge that men had on the Preconcepcional Reproductive Risk Program was inadequate.

Seleção de características morfofuncionais de cavalos da raça Mangalarga Marchador por meio da análise de componentes principais / Identification of morphofunctional traits in Mangalarga Marchador horse using principal component analysis

Dados de 14.288 animais da raça Mangalarga Marchador, nascidos de 1990 a 2005, foram utilizados para avaliar a redução da dimensionalidade do espaço multivariado para características morfofuncionais, por meio da análise de componentes principais. Foram consideradas as características: altura na cernelha, altura na garupa, comprimento da cabeça, comprimento do pescoço, comprimento do dorso, comprimento da garupa, comprimento da espádua, comprimento do corpo, largura da cabeça, largura das ancas, perímetro do tórax, perímetro da canela e a pontuação da marcha. Para tais características, obtiveram-se sete componentes principais, a partir da matriz de correlação, que apresentaram variância inferior a 0,7 (autovalor inferior a 0,7). Isso sugere sete variáveis para descarte, por apresentarem maiores coeficientes de ponderação, em valor absoluto, a partir do último componente principal. A razão para isso é que variáveis altamente correlacionadas com os componentes de menor variância representam variação praticamente insignificante. Com base nesses resultados, recomendam-se as seguintes características para serem mantidas em trabalhos futuros com esta base de dados: pontuação da marcha, altura na garupa, comprimento do dorso, comprimento da garupa, largura da cabeça e perímetro da canela.

Records from 14,288 animals of the Mangalarga Marchador breed, born from 1990 to 2005, were used to discard morphofunctional traits in a principal component analysis. The following traits were used: height at withers, height at croup, lengths of head, neck, back, croup, hip length and body, widths of head, hip width, thorax perimeter, cannon bone circumference and gait score. For the traits considered it was observed that 7 principal components showed variation lower than 0.7; suggesting that seven variables could be discarded. The reason is that when variable are highly correlated with the principal components of smaller variance, their variation is practically insignificant. Based on those results the recommendation is to maintain the following traits for future research with this database: gait score, height at croup, length of back, length of croup, width of head and cannon bone circumference.

Avaliação genética para peso corporal em um rebanho Nelore / Genetic evaluation for body weight in a Nellore herd

Estimaram-se as herdabilidades para os efeitos genéticos direto e materno e as correlações genéticas entre essas variáveis para os pesos ao desmame (P205), ao ano (P365) e ao sobreano (P550) em um rebanho Nelore do norte de Minas Gerais. O modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos aditivos direto e materno, os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (fazenda, sexo, regime alimentar, estação (seca e água) e ano de nascimento do animal) e o efeito da covariável idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático). Os componentes de variância e os valores genéticos foram estimados utilizando-se o método REML. A tendência genética foi obtida utilizando-se a regressão do valor genético médio anual em relação ao ano de nascimento dos animais. As estimativas de herdabilidade do efeito aditivo direto () para P205, P365 e P550 foram 0,60, 0,69 e 0,75, respectivamente. Estes coeficientes de são de alta magnitude, indicando que o rebanho apresenta variabilidade genética aditiva relativa e, portanto, espera-se progresso genético considerável utilizando a seleção. Pela análise da tendência genética, verificou-se que houve evolução nos valores genéticos dos animais ao longo dos anos estudados.

The heritabilities for direct and maternal genetic effects and genetic correlations between these effects were estimated for weight at 205 (P205), 365 (P365), and 550 days (P550) in a Nelore herd in northern Minas Gerais. The statistical model included direct and maternal additive effects, in addition to the fixed effects of contemporary group (farm, gender, diet, season - dry and water -, and year of birth) and the covariate age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic effects). The variance components and genetic values were estimated by REML method. The genetic trend was obtained using the regression of the annual mean genetic value in relation to the year birth. The heritability estimates for the direct additive effect () for P205, P365, and P550 were equal to 0.60, 0.69, and 0.75, respectively. These coefficients showed high magnitude, indicating that the herd in question presents a great additive genetic variability and therefore it is expected a great progress using genetic selection. By the analysis of genetic trend, it was verified a development in animals genetic values over the years studied.

A clinical appraisal of adult psoriasis patients in Serdang Hospital

Objectives To determine the socio-demographic profile, clinical characteristics and quality of life of adult psoriasis patients as well as the association between the first two variables with the latter. Methods A cross-sectional study of 30 adult psoriasis patients was conducted in the Dermatology Clinic, Serdang Hospital from 9th to 23rd May 2011. A questionnaire regarding clinical data containing multilingual Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used in a face-to-face interview. Results Male-to-female ratio was 1:1.5. Psoriasis was more common in Malays (76.7%) compared to Chinese (10%) and Indians (10%), however this ethnic distribution was proportionate to that of the clinic attendance. The onset of psoriasis was during the second to third decade of life in most patients (53.3%) with a mean of 31 years (range 7 - 62). Nine (30%) patients had positive family history of psoriasis. The main aggravating factors were stress and sunlight. Hyperlipidemia was the commonest associated co-morbidity. Plaque psoriasis was the commonest clinical type (66.7%) and majority (66.7%) had <10% body surface area affected. Nail changes were present in 15 (50%) patients and psoriatic arthropathy occurred in 11 (36.7%), with mono/oligoarticular type being as common as symmetrical polyarthropathy. All patients were treated with topical therapy, six were on systemic medication and only one underwent phototherapy. The mean DLQI score was 10.77 ± 6.22. The duration of disease and the age group were negatively correlated with the DLQI scores (r= -0.45 and -0.42 respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion The clinical findings are similar to previous local studies and are valuable to improve patient care.

Superación profesional en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas No1 de Santiago de Cuba / Professionals' training at Medical College No1 of Santiago de Cuba

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Vicedecanato de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas No. 1 de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bienio 2007-2008, con el objetivo de analizar las características generales de la superación profesional, para lo cual se cuantificaron en cada período el número de actividades impartidas, según tipo, y el de profesionales capacitados. Entre los principales resultados se encontró un predominio de la ejecución de cursos en ambos años, particularmente con respecto a las actividades ofrecidas y los profesionales capacitados en el 2007. La categoría de instructor fue la de mayor cantidad de imparticiones y el número de profesionales matriculados o graduados de maestrías mostró un aumento considerable

A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out at the Posgraduate Vice-deanship of Medical College No 1 in Santiago de Cuba during the biennium 2007-2008, with the purpose of analyzing general characteristics of the professionals' training, thus quantifying in every period the number of activities by type and that of trained professionals. Among the main results, there was predominance of course implementation in both years, particularly with regard to the activities offered and the trained professionals in 2007. Most of courses were for the category of instructors and the number of registered professionals or master's graduates increased significantly

Quantitative evaluation of experimental choroidal neovascularization by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: fluorescein angiogram parallels heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression

The objective of the present study was to develop a quantitative method to evaluate laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a rat model using Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2) imaging. The expression of two heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) related to inflammation and angiogenesis was also investigated. CNV lesions were induced with argon laser in 21 heterozygous Zucker rats and after three weeks a fluorescein angiogram and autofluorescence exams were performed using HRA2. The area and greatest linear dimension were measured by two observers not aware of the protocol. Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between the observers, suggesting that the technique was reproducible. After fluorescein angiogram, HSPG (perlecan and syndecan-4) were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. There was a significant increase in the expression of perlecan and syndecan-4 (P < 0.0001) in retinas bearing CNV lesions compared to control retinas. The expression of these two HSPG increased with increasing CNV area. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the rat retina damaged with laser shots presented increased expression of perlecan and syndecan-4. Moreover, we observed that the overexpression occurred in the outer layer of the retina, which is related to choroidal damage. It was possible to develop a standardized quantitative method to evaluate CNV in a rat model using HRA2. In addition, we presented data indicating that the expression of HSPG parallels the area of CNV lesion. The understanding of these events offers opportunities for studies of new therapeutic interventions targeting these HSPG.

Alterações oculares de doenças sistêmicas: retinopatia diabética e oftalmopatia de Graves / Systemic diseases with ocular involvement: diabetic retinopathy, Grave's disease

Das doenças sistêmicas com alterações oculares, destacam-se a retinopatia diabética e a oftalmopatia de Graves que têm em comum vários aspectos: são alterações endócrinas e metabólicas, auto-imunes e o acometimento ocular pode ser grave, levando à perda da função visual. A orientação correta do médico generalista pode modificar o prognóstico visual dos portadores destas doenças, pois dá oportunidade para que o oftalmologista intervenha no momento adequado.No diabetes a principal alteração ocular ocorre na retina, com o desenvolvimento da retinopatia diabética que se manifesta em 30% dos casos.Na oftalmopatia de Graves é importante o esclarecimento de que nem sempre as alterações oculares estão relacionadas a alterações hormonais que possam sinalizar a atividade da doença. A doença ocular pode ocorrer no hipertireoidismo, bem como no hipotireoidismo; em pacientes sem alterações hormonais afeta principalmente os tecidos adiposo e muscular da órbita e do olho. Descreve-se neste artigo o tratamento atual da retinopatia diabética e da oftalmopatia de Graves para que os pacientes possam ser orientados e esclarecidos sobre as condutas a serem adotadas pelo oftalmologista.

Rheological characterization of Poloxamer 407 nimesulide gels

The thermal gelling property of Poloxamer 407-nimesulide gels was characterized by rheological studies. Nimesulide, a local anti-inflammatory and anesthetic drug used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain,has a short duration of action and a long-acting single-dose injection would be of clinical importance. Thus a poloxamer 407 gel applied intramuscularly could prolong the release and action of nimesulide. In this study, aqueous gels with nimesulide, containing three different concentrations of Poloxamer 407, were prepared. Viscosity measurements were performed by rheologial studies to obtain the optimal sol-gel transition temperature. Poloxamer 407 gels are pseudoplastic and viscoelastic materials, which have an elastic modulus (G), characteristic of the solid, and a viscous modulus (G), characteristic of the liquid material. Moreover, being pseudoplastic gels, when they are deformed by shearing,their viscosity decreases. Increase of the polymer concentration increased the viscosity of the gels, which could affect the releasing process of nimesulide. Furthermore, the presence of nimesulide led to a lowering of the sol-gel transition temperature

Contenido de sodio y potasio en algunos alimentos chilenos. / Sodium and potassium contents in some Chilean foods

Con el proposito de completar la Tabla de Composicion Quimica de Alimentos Chilenos, se seleccionaron 40 productos alimenticios de alto valor proteinico a fin de investigar su contenido de sodio y potasio. Estos cationes deben ser rigurosamente controlados en las dietas de muchos enfermos renales o cardiacos Por esta razon, es necesario que los profesionales nutricionistas a cuyo cargo esta la confeccion de estas dietas, cuenten con datos suficientes y actualizados en cuanto ao contenido de sodio y potasio de la mayor parte de los alimentos. Se analizaron muestras de leche fluida de vaca, leches en polvo con diferentes contenidos de materia grasa, alguns tipos de quesos, huevos de gallina, visceras de vacuno, ciertos derivados carnicos y diversos cortes de carnes de vacuno, cerdo, cordero y pollo