ABSTRACT
Background: In this study, we evaluated the existence of blaNDM, blaDIM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaCTX-M-15 beta-lactamase genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from hospitalized patients
Materials and Methods: From June 2013 to May 2014, thirty-four nonduplicate nonconsecutive isolates of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were isolated from blood, respiratory tract, wound, sputum and urine samples of patients from hospitalized in two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. In this study, the frequency of MBL [metallo-beta-lactamase] producers was evaluated by CDDT [Combined disk diffusion test] and prevalence of bla[NDM], bla[DIM], bla[IMP], bla[VIM] and bla[CTX-M-15] genes were evaluated by PCR and sequencing methods among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains isolated from hospitalized patient of Tehran during 2013 -2014 years
Results: Of thirty-four non-fermenter isolates, 24 [70.58%] P. aeruginosa and 10 [29.41%] as A. baumannii were isolated and identified. High rate of resistance to common antibiotics were detected specially among A. baumannii isolates that showed 100% resistance to 4 of tested antibiotics. The CDDT results reveal that 4 [16.66%] of the P. aeruginosa isolates and 1 [10%] of the A.baumannii were positive for production of MBLs. The prevalence of bla[CTX-M-15] gene among 10 A. baumannii isolates was 4 [40%], and for IMP-1, 2 [20%]. The ??????[OXA-51] has been investigated and was detected in all A. baumannii isolates. Also the prevalence of bla[CTX-M-15] gene among 24 P.aeruginosa isolates was 11 [45.83%], and for IMP-1, 3[12.5%]. Fortunately, ??????[NDM], bla[VIM], bla[DIM] gene was not detected in all isolates
Conclusion: The detection of MBL-producing A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa strains detected in this research is of great concern and highlights the need of infection control measures, including antimicrobial management and prompt detection of beta-lactamase-producing isolates
ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial peptides [AMPs] are extensive group of molecules that produced by variety tissues of invertebrate, plants, and animal species which play an important role in their immunity response. AMPs have different classifications such as; biosynthetic machines, biological sources, biological functions, molecular properties, covalent bonding patterns, three dimensional structures, and molecular targets. These molecules have multidimensional properties including antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, antifungal activity, anti-parasite activity, biofilm control, antitumor activity, mitogens activity and linking innate to adaptive immunity that making them promising agents for therapeutic drugs. In spite of this advantage of AMPs, their clinical developments have some limitation for commercial development. But some of AMPs are under clinical trials for the therapeutic purpose such as diabetic foot ulcers, different bacterial infections and tissue damage. In this review, we emphasized on the source, structure, multidimensional properties, limitation and therapeutic applications of various antimicrobial peptides
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , InfectionsABSTRACT
As Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known the most common etiologic agent in microbial keratitis associated with contact lens use, this study was designed to study the distribution and patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents of keratitis isolates in Iran. In this study, also the suitability of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus [ERIC]-PCR to rapidly type P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with keratitis was examined. For this purpose, 57 clinically isolates of P. aeruginosa from keratitis patients referred to Farabi hospital were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility test using the disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers [ERIC-PCR] was used to establish clonal relationship between the different isolates. All the strains showed resistance to at least 4 antibiotics, but all were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multidrug resistance was found in two isolates [3.5%] which were resistant to more than one category of antibiotics including aminoglycoside [gentamicin] and beta -lactam [cefazoline]. ERIC-PCR produced 53 different ERIC fingerprints, 49 of which contained only 1 strain. Eight of the isolates had 100% similarity, forming four real clones but considering 85% similarity cut off between isolates, 8 clones containing 25 isolates [43.8%] could be considered. Fluoroquinolones appeared to be the most effective agent against ocular P. aeruginosa isolates. Comparison of ERIC-PCR profiles revealed a low level of similarity among the strains analyzed. ERIC-PCR seems to be an inexpensive, fast, reproducible, and discriminatory DNA typing tool for effective epidemiologic surveillance of P. aeruginosa isolates potentially transmissible between patients with ocular infections
ABSTRACT
Prevention and treatment of drug-resistant clones is important in guiding TB control strategies. The simultaneous rapid detection of the type of mutation conferring resistance and the genotype reflect the extent of drug resistant TB transmission within the communities.Mutations conferring resistance to rifampin in rifampin-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates occur mostly in the 81 bp rifampin-resistance-determining region [RRDR] of the rpoB gene.Spoligotyping, IS6110- restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] typing and sequencing of the rpoB gene were performed for 30 rifampin resistant M. tuberculosis isolates from patients referred to "Iranian National TB Laboratory" from 2006 to 2007 Mutations in the RRDR of the rpoB gene were identified in 96.6% of rifampin-resistant isolates. The spoligotyping analysis identified one [3.3%] East African-Indian [EAI] family, 7 [23.3%] Haarlem family, 9 [30.0%] Beijing family and 12 [40.0%] Central Asia [CAS] family isolates. Sixty- six percent of CAS isolates carried a mutation in codon 516, 37% of Beijing isolates carried a mutation in codon 531 and 33% of Haarlem isolates carried a mutation in codon 526 Overall, there appeared to be a correlation between the genotype and specific mutations conferring resistance to rifampin in the Beijing and Haarlem families