Synchronous reconstruction of both the upper and lower eyelids with a temporoparietal fascial flap

No abstract available.

[Production of a protocol on early intervention for speech and language delays in early childhood: a novice experience in Iran]

Objective: Speech and language disorders, when happening during childhood will ultimately lead to important negative outcomes in the life of the child. The farther we move from this critical period, that is, the first 3 years of life, the less will be the positive effects of environmental stimuli on the development of speech and language. Early detection of children at risk for or in the preliminary phases of developmental delays and provision of early intervention services for them is of utmost importance. The objective of this research was to compile and produce protocols for early intervention in childhood speech and language developmental disorders in Iranian children

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two main phases: review phase and qualitative phase. In the review phase, all accessible search engines and databases, especially those for systematic reviews and guidelines were searched. In the qualitative study phase, several focus group discussions and rounds of Delphi were carried out with 20 experts in 7 subgroups, who were selected purposively

Results: The result of this study is presented as 7 intervention packages, including the following domains of disorders: prelingual lingual hearing impairment, speech sound disorders, dysphagia, stuttering, and dysarthria

Conclusion: Most studies have confirmed the effectiveness and need for early interventions for children with speech and language impairment. However, most do not explain the details of these interventions. Before the present study, no systematic and evidence-based protocol existed for early intervention in childhood speech and language impairments, in Iran; and due to language differences, as well as possible differences in the speech and language developmental process of children of different communities, making direct use of non-Persian references was not possible and effective. Thus, there was a clear demand for the production of such a protocol

Evaluation of effects of gradual increase length and complexity of utterance [GILCU] treatment method on the reduction of dysfluency in school-aged children with stuttering

Objectives: The Gradual Increase Length and Complexity of Utterance [GILCU] therapy method is a form of operant conditioning. This is a precise and controlled treatment that is done in 54 steps in 3 speech situations consisting of monologue, reading, and conversation

This study aimed at examining the effects of GILCU treatment method on the reduction of speech dysfluency of school-aged children with stuttering

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 32 children with stuttering [6-11 years old] who were referred to speech therapy clinics were selected using convenience sampling. Then, they were assigned into two groups. The first group was treated by GILCU therapy method by the researcher, and the second group was treated by traditional methods by another speech therapist. Both groups had fourteen 45-minute sessions that were conducted one to two times per week. Pre-test and post-test of both groups were assessed using the SSI-3 scores. The obtained data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, and covariance test

Results: Both groups had Satirically significant difference [P<0.005] in the buttered syllables frequency

The average of moments of stuttering from the maximum moments of stuttering and the physical activity were examined according to the speech situations such as reading and conversation

The first group [GILCU therapy method] did not show any Satirically significant improvement [P>0.005] with respect to parameters of SSI-3 scores

Discussion: These results suggest that a non-programming treatment for stuttering may be effective with school-aged children who stutter

Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping by MIRU-VNTR method

st and ardized genotyping systems in molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in the world. This sudy was done to determine the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping by MIRU-VNTR method. Methods: This descriptive study was done on sputum, gastric lavage clinical specimens of 53 tuberculosis suspected patients. Fifty-three isolates were identified by 16S rRNAandRv-typing followed by RD typing. They were then subjected to a 12-locus [ETRA, ETRB, ETRC, ETRD, ETRE and ETRF, MIRU-10, MIRU-26, MIRU-39, MIRU-30 plus QUB-11b] MIRU-VNTR typing system. Results: In MIRU-VNTR typing, forty-four types were identified with 13 isolates classified in 4 clustered and the remaining 40 isolates representing 40 orphan patterns. In comparative analysis of MIRU-VNTR loci, MIRU-26 with 7 alleles displayed the highest diversity level [Simpson's diversity index = 0.767. Out of the 53 isolates, only one was identified as Mycobacterium bovis. All the remaining isolates were characterized as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. None of the samples was affected to Mycobacterium complex strain. No evidence of either double or co-infection of the patients with more than one species/strain was detected. Conclusion: While the genomic diversity observed by MIRU-VNTR typing sounds extensive, the population genomic structure on the whole however, seems to be homogenous. Recent transmission between studied patients does not appear to be a frequent event as only 13 isolates representing 4 MIRU-VNTR types, were assumingly epidemic

[Comparing the effects of dietary supplementation with carbohydrate and whey protein at two ratios on muscle damage indices after eccentric resistance exercise]

Delayed muscle soreness occurs after resistance activity or training involving an eccentric component, and nutrition can affect the extent of muscle injury by playing a role in both protein synthesis and catabolism. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with carbohydrate and protein at different proportions on injury indices of muscle after a session of eccentric resistance exercise. In this double-blind placebo-controlled study 24 non-athlete males [age21.5 +/- 2.4 years, height 176 +/- 4.7 cm, weight 73.6 +/- 5.4 kg, BMI 24.3 +/- 1.9 kg/m[2], body fat 16.1 +/- 2.5%] were divided randomly into 3 groups of 8, receiving a supplement of carbohydrate-plus-whey protein at a ratio of 1: 3 or 1: 4, or a placebo [aspartame]. Serum creatine kinase[CK] andlactate dehydrogenase[LDH] were determined photometrically, and muscle pain was measured using a standard scale of PAS before, 24 and 48 hours after, an eccentric resistance exercise involving knee flexion. Both carbohydrate-plus-whey protein supplements caused statistically significant reductions in CK and LDH levels and muscle soreness compared with the placebo [p<0.05], although no significant differences were observed between the two supplements [p>0.05]. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with carbohydrate and whey protein at a ratio of 1:3 or 1:4 can bring about a reduction in muscle damage indices after eccentric resistance exercise. The optimum ratio, however, to be used in sports drinks and for recommendation to individuals starting exercise warrants further research

Mental health and well-being in different levels of perceived discrimination

To compare mental health and well- being in different levels of the perceived discrimination among Iranian people living in Tehran. Using multi- stage sampling, 1255 subjects with the average age of 45 years and 9 months [including 672 women and 583 men] were selected and they completed all items of the general health questionnaire [GHQ], the social well- being inventory [SWI], personal well- being inventory [PWI], and a question to assess the perceived discrimination. Data analysis by Kruskal- Wallis test revealed that there were significant differences between physical symptoms [X[2]=5.93, P<0.05] and depression [X[2]=15.70, P<0.05], the subscales of mental health in different levels of the perceived discrimination. Furthermore, comparing personal well- being scores and its subscales in different levels of the perceived discrimination showed significant differences in personal hygiene [X[2]=7.20, P<0.05], and security in future [X[2]=7.60, P<0.05]. Emotional well- being [X[2]=12.25, P<0.05], self-rule [X[2]=7.45, P<0.05], personal growth [X[2]=19.87, P<0.05], and psychological well- being [X[2]= 9.09, P<0.05] were significantly different in different levels of the perceived discrimination, too. Moreover, comparing social well- being in different levels of the perceived discrimination indicated significant differences between social acceptance [X[2]=14.91, P<0.05], and social participation [X[2]= 10.91, P<0.05]. Therefore, people are more active in society, increases the possibility of encountering with discrimination and consequently the perception of that

[Assessment of final year dental students' views of science education in dental implants]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dental student's concepts about dental implant education which can be used in dentistry doctorate curriculum revision and could be useful for professors of periodontology, prosthodontics and maxillofacial surgery. This was an educational research which was conducted in Mashhad dental school in 2011 and 58 end year dental students were participated in this study and filled out questionnaires about dental implant education and the concepts of these students about theoretical and practical aspects of dental implant education were evaluated. A total of 98.27% of the students were agreed about education of simple implant surgery so that they could put a simple implant and 87.94% of the students were agreed about education of dental implant as a single course credit and about creation of a dental educational group, 96.56% were agreed. About dental implant educational topics, the most educational need was education of principles of implant surgery followed by education of putting a simple frontal implant, and the least, was introduction and history of dental implants. Because of necessity of development for new sciences in order to promote health in the society, education of dental implant for general dentistry students and revision of general dentistry curriculum seems necessary.

[Brucellaspondylodiscitis and paravertebral abscess with negative serology: a case report]

Brucellosis is a common zoonosis which still remains as a major health problem in certain parts of the world. Osteoarticular involvement is the most frequent complication of brucellosis, in which the diagnosis of brucellarspondylodiscitis is often difficult, since the clinical presentation may be obscured by many other conditions. We report an uncommon case of spondylodiscitis with paravertebral abscess. The diagnosis was established by using magnetic resonance imaging that was also confirmed by positive culture. This report describes a case of a 42-year-old woman. Serodiagnosis for brucella carried out at the onset of symptoms 4 months and 1.5 months before admission were negative. When the patient was admitted to our hospital, laboratory tests showed negative agglutination, and ELISA test for brucella and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a paravertebral abscess around the affected disc and tissue edema. Culture of needle aspiration of abscess tissue was positive for brucella melitensis

[Title: the effect of initial smear grading among tuberculosis patients on their treatment Outcome]

Background: The incidence rate of smear positive tuberculosis in the country in 2010 was about 7 in the hundred thousand populations. Cure rate and failure rate have great importance in preventing the resistant tuberculosis. This study surveyed Relationship between initial smear grading with cure rate

Methods: All new smear positive cases registered from March 2005 to May 2010 were analysed for cure and conversion to negative smear related to initial smear grading

Results: From 354 Sm+ patients 276[78%] at the end of second month of treatment were Sm- and 52[14/7%] were Sm+. at the end of treatment cure rate was 79/7% and Relationship between initial smear grading with cure rate and conversion to negative smear in new Sm+ patients was statistically significant .In multivariate analysis, lower cure rate was significantly associated with age >45y and Initial smear 2+ and 3+ and remain smear positive at the end of the second month of treatment

Conclusion: The more treatment failure and death from TB or emergence of resistant TB related to less negative smear rate at the end of two months of starting treatment and more patients that have initial smear 2+ and 3+, are from this group. This reiterates the need to pay more attention in motivating these patients to return to regular treatment and sustained commitment in the control of tuberculosis

[Chondrosarcoma of the mandibular symphysis: report of a case]

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin. The most common type in the jaw is mesenchymal. Chondrosarcoma in maxillofacial region is an uncommon tumor and maxilla is more commonly affected than mandible. The aim of this paper is cases report of a rare chondrosarcoma of the mandible. A 65-year-old woman was referred to Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad dental school with swelling over the buccal and lingual aspect of the anterior mandible. Swelling had been present for 1 year and had increased gradually in six over time. The patient did not have any systemic disase and was not currently taking any medications. Extraoral examination did not reveal any obvious facial swelling, asymmetry or cervical lymphadenopathy. Intraoral examination revealed an exophitic nodular and tendered lesion with smooth and purple surface. IT was firm to rubbery in buccal aspect and bony in lingual surface with 3x3.5 diameters. Occlusal and panoramic radiographs revealed the multibular well defined and mixed radiolucent-redioopague lesion from right mandibular first premolar to left mandibular first premolar. Subperiosteal ossification is revealed in the occlusal cross sectional radiography. Histopathological examination revealed chondrosarcoma [grade I]. The patient was advised to undergo surgery, and the tumor was respected by segmental mandibulectomy. Clinical and radiographic feature at chondrosarcoma are varied, the incidence of this lesion in unusual location like anterior of jaw with a well-defined feature and ossification could lead to clinician error and delaying treatment. Considering age, course and invasion could be helpful in diagnosis

[Frequency of vision impairment and its etiology in students]

Vision impairment is an important issue in pediatric ophthalmology. Reports indicate a decrease in educational quality in students with impaired vision especially in primary school age. This study evaluates the prevalence of vision impainnent in primary schools of Mashhad in 1383-1384 educational years. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 2130, 7 to 11 year old students [1047 boys, 1083 girls] were examined. Sample size included 2 primary schools [one from each gender] from one of the 7 educational sections of Mashhad city. 150 cases were chosen from each school bearing equal proportions from all primary levels. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen chart regarding 6 meters distance. Students with visual acuity less than 811 0, which was uncorrectable with glasses, were referred to Mashhad Khatam-AI-Anbiya Hospital. In this study 5.2% of cases had different visual impairment in one or both eyes. More than half [3.1%] were referred to Mashhad Khatam-AI-Anbiya Hospital. Prevalence of amblyopia in one or both eyes was 0.8% and 3.4% of students had refractive error. Strabismus was seen in 0.3% and 0.2% were malingering. This study demonstrates the sufficiency of national program for pre school visual evaluation, especially when compared with similar previous reports