ABSTRACT
Chloroquine a synthetic 4- aminoquinoline derivative used for prophylaxis and treatment of malaria and other connective tissue disorders. Based on the theory of chloroquine as a cause of oxidative stress, this work was designed to study the effect of chloroquine on the alveolar epithelium of rats and the use of origanum majorana [one of the most popular herbal medicine] to ameliorate this effect. 50 adult male albino rats were divided into 5 equal groups 10 animals each. Group 1: control untreated rats, group 2: Rats were received origanum majorana decoction 1% 1.5-2 ml orally daily through gastric gavage for one month, group 3 : rats were treated with chloroquine 15 mg/ kg b.wt orally daily through gastric gavage for one month, group 4 :rats were sacrificed after withdrawal period of another one month, group 5: rats were Co-administered chloroquine and origanum majorana decoction l%for one month. Administration of chloroquine alone showed alteration in the lung alveolar architecture with evident proliferation and vacuolation of pneumocytes type 11, foamy macrophages, intraalveolar cellular debris and exfoliated cells, thickening of interalveolar septa due to cellular infilteration and increased collagen deposition associated with vascular congestion.Co- administration of chloroquine and origanum majorana showed considerable degree of preservation of the lung alveolar architecture, but mild improvement of the lung injury was noticed in animals following chloroquine withdrawal, the alveoli were lined mainly by vacuolated pneumocytes type 11 with moderately thickened interalveolar septa. The results established that prolonged administration of chloroquine to rats can induce lung lesions. Withdrawal of the drug do not ameliorate this effects but origanum majorana effectively protected lung tissues against chloroquine toxicity and this was attributed to its antioxidant properties
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Protective Agents , Chloroquine , Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology , RatsABSTRACT
Selenium is a trace element, essential in small amounts, but it can be toxic in larger amounts. Selenium compounds are widely used as a dietary supplement and as a prophylaxis for the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and viral mutations. However, there is a narrow margin between safe therapeutic and toxic doses of selenium. The goal of the present study was to study the histological effect of the adequate and toxic doses of selenium on the follicular cells of thyroid gland of albino rats. The study was carried out on 30 adult male albino rats weighing 120-150 gm. Animals were divided into 3 equal groups: Control group; which received adequate diet but without the addition of selenium. Group I [supplemented group]: received sodium selenite in a dose of 75 microgram / kg b.w., and group II [Intoxicated group]: received sodium selenite in a dose of 300 microgram /kg bw. Histological examination of the semithin and ultrathin sections of the supplemented group [group I] revealed nearly normal control image in most of the examined thyroid follicles. Few follicles showed some follicular cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and many dense bodies and others showed irregular nuclei. Ultrastructural examination revealed some cells with dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, widened intercellular spaces and the infiltration of the interstitial spaces with some inflammatory cells and excessive collagen deposition. Histological examination of the intoxicated group [group II] revealed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles which appeared crowded with minimal interfollicular spaces. Some follicles showed stratification of their lining cells while others showed dome shaped cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and many dense bodies. Numerous basal and lateral cytoplasmic processes, interrupted epithelial lining and exfoliated cells in the lumina were frequently encountered. The present work recommend the intake of natural diet enriched with high content of selenium and warn about daily intake of exceeding doses of selenium supplementations