ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the trend of changes in Cataract Surgical Rate [CSR] in the provinces of Iran during 2006 to 2010 and identify high risk areas. This report is part of the national Iranian CSR Study. The percentage change in CSR in 2010 compared to 2006 was conducted in each province, retrospectively. One hundred and ten centers were chosen from all provinces, to determine CSR in each, the weight of major [>3,000 annual surgeries] and minor [3,000 annual surgeries or less] centers was calculated based on the number of selected centers, and multiplied by the number of surgeries in each province. In eight provinces, CSR was decreased by 1-60%. One province [Booshehr] showed no change. Eighteen provinces had 2-79% increase. No 2006 data was available in three provinces. North Khorasan had the most decrease while Kerman had the most increase in CSR. Six of these 8 provinces had CSR>3,000 despite a decrease in 2010, but North Khorasan had CSR<3,000 over the whole 5 year period. In 4 provinces, CSR had a gap from 3,000 despite anascending trend, and in two, the gap was quite considerable. Although CSR has an improving trend in most provinces in Iran, it is decreasing in some provinces, and despite an already low CSR, the exacerbation continues. The growing population of over 50 year olds calls for prompt measures in such provinces. Even in improving provinces, some lag behind the minimum recommended by WHO, and the growth rate of the over 50 population reveals the necessity of immediate planning
ABSTRACT
To compare the accuracy of Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff II [SRK II] and 3[rd] and 4[th] generation intraocular lens [IOL] formulas and to compare the effect of different anterior chamber depths among the IOL formulas in cataract patients with normal axial length [AL; 22.0-24.5 millimeters, mm]. A retrospective chart review was performed of patients with normal AL who underwent cataract surgery. The SRK II and 3[rd] generation IOL formulas [Hoffer Q, SRK T, Holladay l] were compared to the 4[th] generation Haigis formula. For analysis, preoperative anterior chamber depth [ACD] was divided into three subgroups- =/<3, 3-3.5, and >/= 3.5 mm. The mean error [ME] and mean absolute error [MAE] of each formula was compared for each subgroup against the total. The difference between the ME and MAE of the formulas were compared for each ACD subgroup. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study sample was comprised of 309 eyes. The MAE were 0.56 D, 0.52 D, 0.51 D, 0.50 D, and 0.50 D with Haigis, Hoffer Q, SRK T, Holladay 1, and SRK II formulas, respectively The Haigis formula was a significantly weaker predictor than the SRK T [P < 0.00l] and Holladay 1[P= 0.035]formulas. The ME with Haigis formula was -0.23 D which changed to -0.06 D with ACD >/= 3.5 mm [P = 0.002]. The ME was -0.24 D with SRK II and changed to -0.09D with ACD 0.05, all comparisons]. The SRK II formula can predict refraction in patients with normal AL and ACD less than 3 mm with less error and is preferred over other formulas. The Haigis formula is the preferred choice in patients with a normal AL and ACD longer than 3.5 mm. The prediction accuracy of Hoffer Q, SRK T, and Holladay 1 is comparable in normal AL
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of astigmatism, and the astigmatic axis, and their determinants were evaluated in a rural population of Iran. In a cross-sectional study conducted from May to August 2011, 13 villages in the vicinity of the city of Khaf in northeast Iran were investigated in this study. All the examinations including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy were performed in a Mobile Eye Clinic. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Only phakic eye that could be reliably refracted without a previous history of ocular surgery were included. Out of 2635 participants who were screened, 2124 were analysed for this study of whom 52% were female. The prevalence of astigmatism was 32.2% [95% confidence intervals [CI]: 30.2-34.2]. Astigmatism significantly increased from 14.3% in the under 15-year-old age group to 67.2% in the age group of over 65-years old [P < 0.001]. The prevalence of With-The-Rule [WTR], Against-The-Rule [ATR], and oblique astigmatism was 11.7%, 18.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. ATR significantly increased with age [P < 0.001]. The mean corneal astigmatism was 0.73 D which linearly increased with age [P < 0.001]. Attention must be paid to astigmatism in rural areas due to the high prevalence. Further studies are suggested to discover the role of the environmental and genetic factors. It seems that environmental and occupational factors in the villages cause a significant increase in the prevalence of astigmatism with age. A high percentage of participants had ATR astigmatism, which was more common at older ages.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prevalence , Rural Population , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
While pterygium is considered a common eye disorder, the etiology and pathogenesis is still not known. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula in the over 40 population of Shahroud and assess associated factors. The present study is part of the phase one of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study conducted in 2009, in which the target population was people between 40 and 64 years of age. Ophthalmic examinations were performed by two ophthalmologists who made the diagnosis of pterygium and pinguecula. We used Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression tests to examine associations. Of the 6311 invitees, 5190 people participated in the study [response rate: 82.2%]. The prevalence of pterygium in at least one eye was 9.4% [95% CI, 8.6-10.3], while 2.9% [95%CI, 2.4-3.3] had bilateral pterygium. The prevalence was significantly higher in men [11.4% vs. 8.0%], and remained relatively constant with age, while the prevalence in women significantly increased with age. The prevalence of pinguecula was 61.0% [95%CI, 59.1-62.9] in at least one eye, and 49.0% [95%CI, 47.1-50.9] in both eyes. The age difference between those with and without pinguecula was significant and the prevalence was significantly higher among men than women [70.6% vs. 53.8%]. The prevalence of pterygium in our study was lower than reported rates in the world but higher than Tehran and was significantly associated with age, gender, working outdoors, and the level of education. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral pinguecula falls in the mid range and was significantly associated with age, male gender, smoking, working outdoors, and level of education
ABSTRACT
To determine the cataract surgery techniques performed in Iran from 2000 to 2005. Materials and Methods- This study was part of the Iranian Cataract Surgery Survey [ICSS] which was a retrospective cross-sectional study. All major ocular surgery units and 10% of randomly selected minor units throughout Iran were included. Excluding the 2 week Iranian New Year holiday, 1 week per season between 2000 and 2005 [a total of 24 weeks] was selected for each center, and data on all cataract surgeries performed during these weeks were collected by reviewing patient records. The ANOVA repeated measure test was performed to determine longitudinal changes with a P<0.05 denoting statistical significance. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens [IOL] implantation has become the surgical method of choice in Iran, increasing from less than 7% in 2000 to 57% in 2005 [P<0.000l]. Extracapsular cataract extraction showed a reverse trend compared to phacoemulsification, decreasing from greater than 91% in 2000 to 41% in 2005 [P<0.000l]. Intracapsular cataract extraction and lensectomy were rarely performed without significant changes over time [P>0.05] Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation has become the preferred cataract surgery method in Iran during recent years