Prevalence of supernumararies and their association with congenital absence of third molars in orthodontic patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of supernumararies with the congenital absence of permanent third molars and any other dental anomaly in orthodontic patients. Prevalence of supernumararies was also noted. Dental records [History sheets, Dental casts and panoramic radiographs] of 228 orthodontic patients [39.5% males, 64% females] with an age range of 9-45 years, were randomly selected. Patients with cleft lip and palate, ectodermal dysplasia or having any syndrome were excluded from the study. Prevalence of supernumararies in orthodontic patients was 3.9% [9 patients]. Mesiodens were present in two patients [0.87%], Para molars in six patients [2.6%] and distomolar was present in only one patient [0.43%]. Female to male ratio was 2:1 and left to right ratio was 5:2. No association was found between existence of supernumararies and congenital absence of third molars. Insignificant association was found between presence of supernumararies and any other associated dental anomalies

Pre and post treatment dental analysis at lateral cephalograms

The study was carried out to evaluate dental changes in pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms in orthodontic individuals treated with extraction of first premolars. Pre and post treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 20 patients were taken from orthodontic department, the University of Lahore. These lateral cephalograms were collected from the data present in orthodontic record room from 1/1/ 2007 to 31/12/2012. Inclination of upper and lower incisors were assessed with respect to cranial base, maxilla, mandible and with respect to each other. The results showed a significant change in all dental variables after orthodontic treatment when simple t-test was applied. In case of paired sample t-test, significant change was noted in two variables only which are upper incisor to nasion -point A angle and distance. Orthodontic patients treated with therapeutic extraction showed significant improvements in their dental relationship

Assessment of maxillary first molar rotation in skeletal class ii, and their comparison with class i and class III subjects

Mesial rotation of maxillary first molar around palatal root is a most commen cause of class II molar relationship in class II subjects. Assessment of molar rotation is important because it utilizes 2-3mm of space in anteroposterior plane. There are different methods for assessment of its rotation which is very important in diagnosis and treatment planning of class II malocclusion. Cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 100 orthodontic patients [72 females and 28 males] with a mean age of 18.7 years [12-38 years] in the permanent dentition attending the orthodontic department of the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan were randomly selected. The maxillary casts were photocopied 111 with maximum contrast. Maxillary first molar rotation was assesed on the photocopies of the upper dental casts. Skeletal class was assessed in Sagital plane through manual tracing of cephalometric radiographs by a single examiner. Molar rotation was more on the right side as compared to the left side. In skeletal class I and II, maxillary first molar rotation was more on the right side as compared to the left side and in skeletal class HI, molar rotation was more on the left side

Relationship among intercanine width, intermolar width and arch length in upper and lower arches

Intercanine width, intermolar width and arch length are essential for diagnosis and treatment planning and are closely related factors in orthodontics.The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between these measurements and how these measurements are related to each other. Dental casts of 100 orthodontic patients [72 females and 28 males] with a mean age of 18.7 years [12-38 years] in the permanent dentition attending the orthodontic department of the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan were randomly selected. The casts were photocopied 1/1 with maximum contrast. Measurements were made on the photocopies of the upper and lower dental casts. Correlation between variables was determined using spearman's rho correlation coefficient. The data showed very high correlation between intercanine width and intermolar width of both upper and lower arches and a weak correlation was observed between upper intercanine width and upper arch length as well as lower arch length. Correlation was significant between upper and lower arch lengths

Prevalence of peg laterals and small size lateral incisors in orthodontic patients - a study

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of peg laterals and small lateral incisors in orthodontic patients, visiting the orthodontic department, faculty of dentistry, the university of Lahore. The data [history sheets, dental casts and panoramic radiographs] of 230 patients [36.5% males, 63.5% females; mean age: 16.4 years] were randomly selected from orthodontic patient's record. Patients with cleft lip and palate, ectodermal dysplasia or having any syndrome were excluded from the study. The prevalence of small size lateral incisors was 5.6% and the prevalence of peg laterals was 1.3%

Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in a Pakistani sample - a study

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypodontia [multiple dental agenesis] in orthodontic patients, visiting the orthodontic department, faculty of dentistry, The University of Lahore. Dental records [history sheets, dental casts and panoramic radiographs] of 230 patients [36.5% males, 63.5% females; mean age: 16.4 years] were randomly selected from orthodontic patient's record. Patients with cleft lip and palate, ectodermal dysplasia or having any syndrome were excluded from the study. The prevalence of hypodontia [excluding third molars] was 6.08% for both sexes combined. Female to male ratio was 3.5: I. Most patients with hypodontia were missing just one1[57.1%] or 2[28.5%] but the rest [14.2%] were missing more than two teeth. The most commonly missing tooth was mandibular 2nd premolar, followed by maxillary lateral incisor and then maxillary 2nd premolar and mandibular first premolar. The number of missing teeth was greater in mandible than in maxilla. Hypodontia was most commen on left side

Fracture maxilla-an analysis of consecutive 199 cases

Background: To analyzes the patterns, etiologies and modalities of treatments being utilized for fracture maxilla at a tertiary care center

Methods: A total of 199 consecutive cases of fracture maxilla managed during period of two years were included in the study. This included 168 males and 31 females. Age of the patients ranged from 2 years to 70 years. The cases were managed as per nature and extent of trauma following standard methods of reduction and fixation

Results: It was third decade of life where majority of the patients, 70 cases, presented with this fracture followed by second and fourth decade with almost equal number. In 74 cases only maxilla was involved while In 125 cases it got fractured in combination with mandible and zygoma. Most common etiology found in 120 cases was road side accidents followed by fall in 25 cases. Firearm injury was the cause in 16 cases while in 11 cases interpersonal violence was the etiology. Internal fixation was the method utilized for fixation of these fractures, throughout this series

Conclusion: Most common etiology of fracture maxilla is road traffic accident. Third decade of life is the usual age range of the patient. Fracture needs reduction with internal fixation

Rapid palatal expansion in mixed dentition stage with custom made modified expansion device

The aim of this study was to. determine the sagittal, transverse and vertical effects of a custom made Modified Expansion Device on dentofacial structures in patients with severe crowding and narrow upper arches in the mixed dentition. A total of 20patients [13 females and 7 males] with an age range of 8-11 years were selected without regard to their skeletal class and gender. All subjects had mixed dentition [mean age 9.8years] and needed maxillary expansion. Lateral and frontal cephalom-etric radiographs, maxillary and mandibularplaster models and occlusal radiographs were obtained from each patients at pre-expansion [Tl], post-expansion [T2] and at the end of retention period [T3]. Occlusal radiographs were used to demonstrate changes in the midpalatal suture. The measurements were made on the patients'cephalometric films and plaster models. The means and standard deviations for independent and dependent variables were analyzed statistically and evaluated by paired-t test using SPSS 10.1 for windows. In the transverse plane, a significant increase in intercanine width [ICW], interpremolar width [IPW] and intermolar width [IMW] was found. Sagitally, 2mm of maxillary protraotion and significant increase in arch length was noted. Mesial tip was more marked than distal although both were statistically insignificant Extrusion, buccal tipping and other cephalometric variables used for vertical analysis showed insignificant values. We conclude that the custom made modified expansion device with rapid maxillary expansion is an effective appliance for correction of crowding and constricted upper arches as phase I treatment