ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to explore the presence of antimicrobial bioactive agents in the foot muscle extracts of snails belonging to genus Physa and Ceciloides. Antibacterial activity of foot extracts belonging to species named as P. fontinalis, P. gyrina, P. acuta, C. acicula, C. eulima, C. petitiana, was checked and compared against three bacterial strains i.e. E.coli, P. auroginosa, S. aureus by using disc diffusion method. The results were highly significant with maximum zone of inhibition of 20.10 mm in the P. fontinalis acetone extract and the least was 12.97 mm of C. eulima diethyl ether extract. The microdilution method was employed to observe MIC to evaluate antimicrobial resistance pattern of snails foot muscle extract against three mentioned strains. MIC of foot extracts was ranging from 0.03ug/ml-5 ug/ml for six species. TLC was carried out for profiling of extracts with positive results. Foot extracts from species of both genera eluted in different fractions of compounds with a good resolution in 100% n-hexane and ethyl acetate each. The plates developed in solvent system showed purple and yellow spots indicating the presence proteins and organic compounds showing it a promising canditadate for the therapeutic purposes
ABSTRACT
To determine the disease locus involved in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness. Five generations of a Pakistani sheikh consanguineous family suffering from nonsyndromic deafness was ascertained from the Punjab province. The molecular studies were carried out at Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Division, KRL, Islamabad. Fifteen family members [five affected and ten normal] were processed for molecular studies. All marriages were consanguineous. Linkage analysis for known loci of autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness was carried out. Two point lod score analysis resulted in maximum lod score [Z max] 4.35 for marker D22S445 at 6 = 0. Significant linkage was found with DPNB28 locus at chromosome 22 [22ql3]