ABSTRACT
Abstract: The aim of this research was to determine the probiotic potential and safety of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from raw goat milk. Gram positive and catalase negative bacteria were isolated from raw goat milk (n = 61) and identified as LAB. LAB isolates were screened for antimicrobial, probiotic and technological characteristics. LAB isolates showed antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium) and high survival rate at pH 2 (93.54-100.38% after 4h), in the presence of 0.3% bile salts (100.85-108.96% after 4h) and simulated gastric fluid (74.16-80.13% after 3h). Three LAB isolates (1, 3 and 13) with high antimicrobial activity against all foodborne pathogens and probiotics characteristics were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and identified as Enterococcus faecium strains. Enterococcus spp. exhibited milk coagulation potential, amylolytic activity, susceptibility to antibiotics and no evidence of hemolysis. Enterococcus spp. isolated from goat milk showed probiotic and technological characteristics and can be used as a starter culture after further safety evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the frequency of viral hepatitis in general, spectrum of hepatitis E in particular, and to study the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality associated with it
Design: Observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore from Jan 06 to Sept 2006
Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, total number of pregnant women was 4723, sera of 35 pregnant women having clinical jaundice in pregnancy were analyzed for markers of hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses
Results: Of the 35 pregnant women with jaundice HEV IgM were 60%, HA V IgM20%,Anti HCV 8.75%, Hbs Ag 5.71 %, unexplained 5.71 %. Amongst HEV 23.80% had hepatic encephalopathy, DIC in 42.85%, PPH in 23.80%, renal failure in 9.52% an- maternal mortality in 4.76%. Approximately two third of pregnant women with HEV infection had preterm deliveries [76.19] % and perinatal mortality of 42.8%
Conclusion: Hepatitis E was the commonest etiological agent in those who had fulminant disease during pregnancy and was associated with high morbidity and mortality
ABSTRACT
Twin Pregnancy comprising of normal fetus and hydatidiform mole is a rare clinical entity. It is important to differentiate between partial mole and complete mole with a coexistent normal fetus as complete moles are associated with a considerably high risk of subsequent development of persistent trophoblastic disease. We present a case report of twin pregnancy consisting of a complete mole and coexistent normal fetus at 12 weeks of gestation with heavy vaginal bleeding
ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia [CIN] is a pre-malignant condition of Cervix easily detectable by a PAP smear. If left untreated CIN progresses to cervical cancer. The objective of our study was to screen patients for CIN using PAP smear cytology and assess usefulness of opportunistic screening. Our aim was also to encourage routine Pap Smear screening of outdoor patients
Methods: The study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore from January 2004 to March 2006. PAP smear samples of 741 patients were analyzed for presence of CIN
Results: Cervical dysplasia was seen in 14 patients and presence of CIN was not confirmed in these cases
Conclusion: PAP smear is a simple and effective screening method for detection of CIN and prevention of cervical cancer. Considering the high incidence of cervical cancer in Pakistan, women should be encouraged to participate in screening and have regular PAP smears