Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of submandibular gland

Introduction: Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma [PLGA] occurs mostly in minor salivary glands, and there are only a few reports of major salivary gland origin

Case Presentation: We herein report a case of de novo PLGA arising in a submandibular gland in an 88 years-old woman. On examination, a large firm and non-tender mass was palpable in the submandibular region

Conclusions: Neither lymphadenopathy nor enlargement of any other salivary glands was present. CT showed a well-defined mass with irregular enhancement in the submandibular gland

Effects of ecstasy on mouse cardiac histopathology, electrocardiogram and blood cell counts

Background and Aims: ecstasy or 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA] is a brain stimulant and a hallucinogenic material prepared by chemical changes in amphetamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes induced by this drug in mouse cardiac histopathology, electrocardiogram [ECG] and blood cell counts

Materials and Methods: in this experiment, 3 groups [n=10] of mice were enrolled. Group 1, as control, received placebo. Group 2 mice were given single daily low dose [20 mg/kg/d for 28 days] of intraperitoneal MDMA, and group 3 were given single daily high dose [40 mg/kg/d for 28 days] of intraperitoneal MDMA. An AVF lead ECG record was obtained, a blood sample was taken for complete blood counts, and the heart was removed for microscopic study of tissue sections with routine staining

Results: the group 3 showed significant decrease in erythrocyte indices, myocarditis in 7 cases and monocyte infiltration around cardiac myocytes in 6 cases. In group 2, lower degree of myocardial injury was observed, but significant increase in QT and QTc durations was observed in ECG. In high dose group, red blood count, hematocrit, mean cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed significant changes in comparison with the control group

Conclusion: ecstasy can affect red blood cell index and lead to anemia. Many monocytes may be seen around cardiac cells, and increased ventricular depolarization and repolarization can lead to increase in QRS-QT interval. Combination of myocarditis, arrhythmia and sinus tachycardia reflect change in cardiac function and myocardial structure. Cardiac injury due to hypoxia and ischemia may cause myocardial infarction

Pancreatic tail hydatid cyst as a rare cause for severe acute pancreatitis: a case report

Iran is an endemic region for hydatid disease. Primary pancreatic hydatosis is a rare event; severe acute pancreatitis related to pancreatic hydatid cyst is extremely rare

We present the case of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis and hydatosis of the pancreas without liver or lung involvement. All etiologies for acute pancreatitis were excluded. The patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy which led to the diagnosis of pancreatic hydatosis

Since hydatid disease is endemic in some regions, it should be considered as one of the underlying etiologies for inflammation or infection of the pancreas [acute pancreatitis]

Pancreatic tail hydatid cyst as a rare cause for severe acute pancreatitis: a case report

Iran is an endemic region for hydatid disease. Primary pancreatic hydatosis is a rare event; severe acute pancreatitis related to pancreatic hydatid cyst is extremely rare

We present the case of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis and hydatosis of the pancreas without liver or lung involvement. All etiologies for acute pancreatitis were excluded. The patient underwent a distal pancreatectomy which led to the diagnosis of pancreatic hydatosis

Since hydatid disease is endemic in some regions, it should be considered as one of the underlying etiologies for inflammation or infection of the pancreas [acute pancreatitis]

Determination of relative frequency of eosinophils and mast cells in gastric and duodenal mucosal biopsies in adults with non-ulcer dyspepsia

To determine eosinophil and mast cell populations in gastric and duodenal mucosal biopsies of adults with non-ulcer dyspepsia [NUD] as compared to non-dyspeptic adults. A case control study. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, from January 2010 to June 2011. A total of 52 [25 non-ulcer dyspeptic patients as case and 27 non-dyspeptic patients as control] patients underwent endoscopy. All patients had a minimum of 2 forceps biopsies obtained from stomach and duodenum. Routine histological evaluation was performed and additionally evaluated to determine eosinophil and mast cell counts. The statistical analysis was performed on SPSS version 17.0, using Mann-Whitney test with significance at p < 0.05. The mean age in the case and control groups was 31.72 +/- 12.17 and 35.74 +/- 12.42 years respectively. The median eosinophil density in gastric mucosa in case group was 5.0 [ranging from 1 to 20] and 4.0 in control group [ranging from 0 to 16; p = 0.140]. The median eosinophil density in duodenal mucosa in case group was 16.0 [ranging from 2 to 24] and 13 in control group [ranging from 2 to 45; p = 0.147]. The median mast cell density in gastric mucosa in case group was 4.0 [ranging from 0 to 33] and 4.0 in control group [ranging from 0 to 26; p = 0.827]. The median mast cell density in duodenal mucosa in case group was 4.0 [ranging from 0 to 31] and 3.0 in control group [ranging from 1 to 23; p = 0.704]. The frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in both the groups was similar. Although there were not statistically significant differences in eosinophil and mast cell densities between case and control groups, there was a trend toward mild eosinophilia in gastric and duodenal mucosa. The specific role of eosinophils and mast cells in NUD is yet to be completely defined

Does oral contraceptive pill increase the risk of abnormal Pap smear?

It is noted that oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of abnormal Pap smear but results have been inconsistent across the populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive pill [OCP] consumption and abnormal Pap smear in women who referred to Shahid Sadoughi and Madar hospitals in Yazd. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out and a database of all Pap smear reports from 2009-2011 at Cytopathology Department of Shahid Sadoughi and Madar hospitals in Yazd, Iran was reviewed. A total number of 1286 women with history of OCP consumption were selected as the case group and 1218 women applying other contraceptive methods were selected as control group for evaluation. Both case and control groups were matched by age, parity and socioeconomic status. All of the women in this study maintained a single partner as their husband and none of them were considered as smokers. The duration of OCP use was at least 5 years. Abnormal Pap smear results were observed in 0.4% of cases and 0.2% of controls. There was no significant association between OCP consumption and abnormal Pap smear [p=0.727]. Our findings did not show any specific association between OCP consumption and abnormal Pap smear results. In addition, the number of abnormal Pap smears in women who consumed OCP was lower than that of western countries. More prospective studies are required

Laparoscopic rectopexy in solitary rectal ulcer

Patients with Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome [SRUS] come to a physician with passage of mucus and bloody liquid within defecation. The treatment for SRUS is depended to the severity of symptoms and the existance of rectal prolapse. This study is a report of the assessing of rectopexy as surgical modalities for 62 medical treatment resistant SRUS patients who were referred to the gastrointestinal department of Shahid Sadoughi Medical University and Mojibian hospital. The present non-randomized clinical trial was carried out in 62 SRUS patients from 1991 till 2005. In these patients SRUS was confirmed by histology. They were symptomatic after conservative therapy and referred for surgical intervention. All of them had been undergone abdominal rectopexy by two laparoscopic surgeons. In our study, rectal bleeding and history of digitalization had the highest and lowest frequency of symptoms and signs in our cases respectively. Abdominal rectopexy was done in 39 cases and complete recovery in our cases was 69.23%. Complete recovery rate in cases with dysplasia [63.8%] was significantly higher than cases without that [P=0.04]. Complete recovery rate in cases that had finger defecation [85%] was significantly higher than cases without that [50%] [P=0.03]. Laparoscopic rectopexy is one of the main surgical techniques for treatment of SRUS. This technique can present complete recovery for SRUS patients. Some of them include topical medications, behavior modification supplemented by fiber and biofeedback and surgery were more available and studied. But it seems that education of SRUS patient conservative treatment remain cornerstone in the SRUS management

Acne keloidalis nuchae in a Caucasian woman

Acne keloidalis is a chronic inflammatory process involving the hair follicles of the nape of the neck and leading to hypertrophic scarring papules and plaques. Review of the literature shows that this process occurs only in males after puberty, especially in negroes. We, here, report a 31-year-old Caucasian woman who had hypertrophic papules in the nape of her neck since 10 years and histopathological examination confirmed it is as acne keloidalis. This is a rare case hitherto unreported in Caucasian females

Acquired unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome: a case report and review of literature

Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome [UNTS] can be classified into two major categories: congenital and acquired. There have been reports showing an increase in skin estrogen and progesterone receptors in patients with this syndrome. We report a male patient with acquired unilateral nevoid telangiectasia syndrome without any associated physiological or pathological conditions

Acne keloidalis nuchae in a white woman

Acne keloidalis is a chronic inflammatory process that involves hair follicles of the nape of the neck and leads to hypertrophic scarring. In all references, it is noticed that this process occurs only in males after puberty and is especially seen in the black race. In this case, we report a 31-year-old white woman who had hypertrophic papules in the nape of her neck since 10 years ago and in pathological examination, the diagnosis of acne keloidalis was confirmed

Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic results of fine-needle aspiration [FNA] cytology and pathology in the assessment of thyroid nodules

Fine-needle aspiration has become an accepted and cost-effective procedure for rapid diagnosis of thyroid lesions. The routine use of Fine-needle aspiration has reduced the rate of unnecessary surgery for thyroid nodules. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis. During this cross-sectional study, reports of 600 fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid, performed during a period of 11 years [1991-2001] in departments of pathology of Shahid Rahnemoon and Shahid Sadoughi hospitals were reviewed. Pathological diagnosis were available for 28 cases. Cytological reports were classified diagnostically, and histological and cytological correlations were determined. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13 and descriptive tests. From 600 cases [91 male, 509 female] the cytological diagnosis were as follows: 526 [87.7%] benign, 28 [4.7%] malignant, 10 [1.6%] suspicious and 36 [6%] unsatisfactory. Between benign Lesions, goiter and follticular adenoma and between malignant lesions, papillary cell carcinomas were the most common. Malignant nodules were more common in females than males [4.9% versus 3.3%]. We identified no false-positive results between malignant FNA and histopathology and so positive predictive value was 100%. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is highly accurate and has a Low rate of false-positive diagnosis in case of malignant results

Adenosine deaminase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis [TB] remains a major health problem across the world and most commonly involves the lungs. Diagnosis of TB is based on finding acid-fast bacilli [AFB] in sputum or a positive sputum culture. The sensitivity of sputum smear is only 40-70% and it takes 4-8 weeks for sputum culture results. We decided to measure adenosine deaminase [ADA] activity in bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] fluid and compare it with sputum and BAL fluid cultures. A descriptive study was performed at the Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, from 2005 to 2006. Sixty-three patients suspected for pulmonary TB with negative sputum smear for AFB or had other indications for bronchoscopy, were included in the study. Then, fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done and BAL fluid was obtained from all patients. The study patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1: patients with positive sputum culture or BAL fluid culture for AFB who were considered as pulmonary TB group. Group 2: patients with negative results for TB, having lung diseases other than TB, [considered as non-tuberculous lung disease group]. Group 3: those without pulmonary disease and TB which considered as the control group. Mean ADA levels in BAL fluids were measured in these groups and then compared with each other. Sixty-three patients were enrolled in the study among which 15 cases [mean age:64.06 +/- 19.37 yrs] had pulmonary TB, 33 [mean age: 56.18 +/- 18.60 yrs] had pulmonary diseases other than TB and 15 cases [mean age: 42.13 +/- 21.45 yrs] were considered as controls. Mean ADA level in BAL fluid was 4.13 +/- 2.55 IU/L, 2.42 +/- 1.06 IU/L and 1.93 +/- 0.88 IU/L in TB group, non-tuberculous lung disease group and control group, respectively. This rate was significantly higher in the pulmonary TB group compared to the other two groups [p=0.00]. Using Roc curve with a cut-off value of 3.5 IU/L, the highest sensitivity [57%] and specificity [84%] were obtained in diagnosis of TB. The results showed that although ADA activity in BAL fluid of pulmonary TB patients was higher than those seen in other diseases, a negative test does not rule out pulmonary TB. Thus, more research is required to find more precise diagnostic methods in this regard

Diagnostic value of anorexia in acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and management decrease morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical data; history and physical examination. Anorexia is present in almost all cases. In the absence of such symptoms, the probability of the disease decreases. This study was designed to determine sensitivity and specificity of anorexia in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. All cases of acute abdominal pain admitted in Shahid Rahnemoon and Aafshar hospitals Yazd Iran with primary diagnosis of acute appendicitis during 10 months were evaluated. History of anorexia was recorded and the patients were followed up to determine definite diagnosis by pathology report. Out of a total of 465 cases, 400 [86%] cases were confirmed of appendicitis. Three hundred thirty five [83.75%] of these patients and 49 [75.34%] of other patients had anorexia [P value =0.09]. Sensitivity was 83.75% and specificity was 24.61%. Positive predictive value was 87.2% and Negative predictive value was 19.8%. Anorexia increases probability of appendicitis but its absence cannot rule out diagnosis of acute appendicitis