Chances to have a boy after gender selection by pre-implantation genetic screening are reduced in couples with only girls and without a boy sired by the male partner

Background: Gender selection and family planning have their roots in human history. Despite great interest in these fields, very few scientific propositions exist which could explain why some family do not attain the desired sex. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether sex of previous child or children could affect the outcomes of pre-implantation genetic screening [PGS]

Materials and Methods: This historical cohort study including 218 PGS cases referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center [IFIC]. Couples were grouped as those who their male child passed away or her husbands' has a son[s] from their previous marriage [n=70] and couples who just have daughter [n=148]. Male normal blastocysts were transferred for both groups. The outcomes of PGS including pregnancy, implantation and abortion rates, along with possible confounding factors were compared between the two groups

Results: Significant differences in pregnancy, implantation and abortion rates were observed between couples whose their male partner had/has one boy [n=70] compared to those who have just girl[s] [n=148] despite similar number and quality of male normal blastocyst transferred in the two groups. Confounding factors were also considered

Conclusion: The Y- bearing spermatozoa in male partners with no history of previous boy have lower ability to support a normal development to term, compared to male partners with previous history of boy requesting family balancing

effect of E-learning education on primipar women's knowledge about neonatal care

E-learning is there to enhance knowledge of patients and can provide an efficient way to enhance personnel-patient interaction and provide patient-specific education. So the aim of this study was to Compare the effect of two educational methods, E-learning [multimedia] and painted booklet on Primipar Women's Knowledge about neonatal care. This was a quasi-experimental study based on pre- and post- tests that were carried out on 100 primipar women in Isfahan during the years 2012-2013. Participants were divided into two groups of e-learning or painted booklet learning, randomly. Participants' knowledge scores were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS version 11.5 was used to conduct statistical tests such as independent t-test and paired t-test for analyzing the data. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Before training, the mean score of knowledge of the e-learning education group was 5.4 +/- 1.2 and 5.5 +/- 1.2 for the painted booklet group; the difference between mean scores was not significant. At the end of the study, this score was 9.54 +/- 1.1 for the e-learning group and 6.5 +/- 1.2 for the painted booklet group and the difference was statistically significant [P< 0.01]. Also increase in the rate of knowledge in the e-learning group and the painted booklet group was 56% and 30%, respectively. This study showed that passing the e-learning training course could better improve knowledge of mothers about neonatal care than the painted booklet. So, different aspects of e-learning, including computer literacy, infrastructure of telecommunications should be revisited

effects of perineal management techniques on labor complications

Many women suffer from perineal trauma during the normal vaginal delivery. Perineal trauma is mainly associated with pain and complications after the childbirth. Perineal management techniques can play a significant role in perineal trauma reduction. This study aimed to compare the effects of perineal management techniques [hands-off technique, Ritgen maneuver and perineal massage using a lubricant during delivery] on the labor complications. This quasi-experimental clinical trial was conducted on 99 primiparous women who referred to Daran Hospital, Isfahan, Iran for normal vaginal delivery in 2009. The subjects were selected using a convenient method and randomly assigned to three groups of Ritgen maneuver, hands-off technique and perineal massage with lubricant. A questionnaire was used to determine the demographic characteristics of the participants and complications after birth. The short form of McGill Pain Questionnaire and the visual analogue scale for pain were also employed. The incidence and degree of perineal tears were evaluated immediately after delivery. Moreover, the incidence and severity of perineal pain were assessed 24 hours and also 6 weeks after delivery. In the Ritgen maneuver group, the frequency of tears, the relative frequency of tear degrees, the severity of perineal pain 24 hours after delivery and the frequency of pain and perineal pain severity 6 weeks after delivery were significantly different from the other two methods. Hands-off technique during parturition of the neonate's head was associated with fewer complications after delivery. It was even better than perineal massage during the parturition.

Comparative study on sexual dysfunctions before and after menopause

Sexual instinct which is the cause of numerous changes in an individual's life could be influenced by different factors such as menopause and ageing. This study was designed to compare sexual dysfunction before and after menopause. This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were 174 menopausal women who referred to medical health centers of Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected through self constructed sexual dysfunctions questionnaire in relation to their sexual activities before and after menopause. The reliability and validity of this questionnaire was determined by content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings showed that the relative frequency of sexual dysfunctions was 38% in the productive period and 72.4% in the menopause period. There was a significant association between sexual dysfunctions before and after the menopause period [p < 0.001]. Sexual dysfunctions in these women in the productive and menopause period were 49.2% and 62.6% in desire disorder, 34.3% and 34.9% in dyspareunia, 26.8% and 75.3% in arousal disorder, 23.5% and 56.3% in orgasmic disorder and 16.4% and 15.6% in vaginismus, respectively. A considerable percentage of women experienced sexual dysfunctions in productive and menopause periods, and menopause could be a factor to maintain or intensify sexual dysfunctions.