Bacterial infection of pacemaker in patients with endocarditis

The advancement of technology in recent decades has been lead to use the electrophysiology cardiac devices. Although these devices are used increasingly, but the frequency of subclinical infection is unknown. We investigate bacterial infections due to implantable cardioverter defibrillator [ICDs] in patients with endocarditis. Population of the study was considered among all adult patients in whom the cardiac electrophysiology device was removed. Associated infection endocarditis defined by the Duke criteria. 35 pacemakers [PM] were aseptically removed from these patients during January 2012 to November 2014. Intraoperative swabs from the different part of devices were collected, cultured in BHI [Brain Heart Infusion Broth] and then bacterial classical cultures were done under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biochemical and differential media were used to detect the bacteria species. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 16 software. 13 cases of 35 patients with endocarditis diagnosed by modified Duke Criteria and removed pacemaker had positive culture. Of the 13 cases with infection 43% were identified as gram positive and 57% had gram negative bacteria. Based on our study and similar studies, bacteria can colonize in electrophysiology devices which can lead to bacterial infections

Surveying the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica among diarrheal children attending health care centers in Qom

Diarrhea is the most common causes of mortality, accounting for 15-20% among children. It is caused by numerous microorganisms including, Shigella, Salmonella, enteropathogenic E. coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enteroclitica is a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus belonging to enterobacteriaceae. It causes numerous human diseases, mostly gastroenteritis. A total of 800 diarrheal children aged less than 10 years entered this study. Suspected stool samples were cultured on both conventional enteric and cold-enriched media. Conventional enteric media included MacConkey agar, Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin [CIN] agar, and Salmonella-Shigella Deoxycholate [2%] agar, while for cold-enriched media PBS [phosphate-buffered saline] [PH=7.2-7.8] was used. Other enteric pathogens including Salmonella, Shigella, and enteropathogenic E. coli were also isolated. Of 800 suspected stool samples, 14 Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated [1.8%]. Other enteric pathogens were as follow: 18 Shigella [2.3%], 32 enteropathogenic E. coli [4%], and 13 Salmonella [1.6%]. Y. enterocolitica isolates were completely sensitive [100%] to gentamycin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefixim, cefataxim, and chloramphenicol, however, they were partially resistant to tetracycline [7.1%] and cotrimoxazole-nalidixic acid [14.3%]. Yersinia enterocolitica isolates were completely resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, cephalotin, and erythromycin. Suspected diarrheal children should be checked for Yersinia enterocolitica using cold-enriched environment, while antibiogram studies are strongly recommended for positive isolates