ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of Epiphany root canal sealer versus commonly used sealers; EndoFill, Apexit, Ketac-Endo, and AH-26. The first portion of this study used four different microorganisms; Enterococcus faecalis [E.faecalis], staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus], Ecshericia coli [E.coli] and Candida albican [C. albican] to determine the antimicrobial effect using the agar-well diffusion method. Secondly, In vitro Cytotoxicity assay using human periodontal ligament cell culture was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Epiphany sealer compared to the other four sealers. The cell cultures were incubated for 24h with freshly mixed material and after 24 h of setting. The viability of the fibroblast cells was determined using trypan blue. The results of this comparative study indicated that Epiphany sealer exhibited a potential antibacterial activity with no anticandida effect. The cytotoxicity of Epiphany was comparable to that of EndoFill and Apexit, however it was significantly less toxic than Ketac-Endo, and AH-26
ABSTRACT
Heat shock protein [HSP70] was used as a good biomarker for intoxication of different hazardous chemicals. The impact of common narcotic drugs [heroin and opium], in comparison with experimentally proven hepatotoxic agents [CCl[4], ethanol and iron] on the induction of HSP70 in liver of both rat and mice was assessed. Heroin proved to be the most potent inducer of liver tissue intoxication followed by CCl[4], iron overloaded with ferric hydroxide dextran complex [Fe-HDC], ethanol, and opium. This may be related to defense mechanism against the rapidly occurring cell damage or subsequent processes of liver tissue inflammation. This is an attempt to define the incidence and severity of liver disorders among a large number of drug addicts. The expression levels of HSP70 were measured using Western dot blot technique. The obtained data demonstrate specific but statistically different significant values [P< 0.05] of HSP70 induction levels with all studied hepatotoxic agents. Heroin was the most potent inducer of [HSP70] followed by CCl[4], Fe-HDC, ethanol, and then opium. The increased levels of HSP70 in the liver tissues may be attributed to antioxidant defense mechanism against liver cell damage. In conclusion: Heat shock protein [HSP70] is a biomarker for hepatic cell injury playing an important role in tissue protection against narcotic drugs and hepatotoxic agents
ABSTRACT
A new series of 5,7-dimethyI-3-substituted[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-cj,]pyrimidines[3-8] has been synthesized by reacting the triazolopyrimidinethiol with ethyl chloroacetate followed by treatment of the obtained ethyl ester with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding hydrazide. Reaction of the hydrazide derivative with aryl sulfonyl chlorides afforded the corresponding sulfonyl hydrazides while its reaction with ethyl or phenyl isothiocyanates resulted in the formation of 1,2,4-triazolomethyl sulfide derivatives. A series of 5-aryl-7-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-[l,2,4]triazolo[4,3-alpha]pyrimidines [13-20] and their tricyclic pyridotriazolopyrimidine analogues [26-33] were prepared by interaction of different alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones with 3-amino-4H-[I,2,4]triazole-5-thiol followed by benzylation of the obtained 3-thiol derivative to afford the corresponding thioethers. The prepared compounds were screened for their antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. Some of the tested compounds showed promising activity. The detailed syntheses, spectroscopic and biological data are reported