Possible adverse tissue reactions related to orthodontic treatment

Periodic post-treatment clinical and radiographic examination of orthodontic patients showed root resorption, damage to the enamel surface, pulpal reaction, and damage to the periodontal tissues after orthodontic treatment. There were 40 study subjects: 28 females [70%] and 12 males [30%] between the ages of 17 year to 29 years. These subjects were selected for the study after the treatment was completed. As there are no means to measure orthodontic forces, clinicians apply forces on the basis of their previous experience. Therefore, the forces applied are estimated forces. As the thickness and density of bone and the tooth tissues are different in each individual, so is the effect of forces. Another cause of tissue damage during orthodontic treatment is the bacterial plaque at the marginal gingiva. Because of difficulty of cleaning, there is a tendency for bacteria to collect under the orthodontic appliances

Impacted and displaced maxillary canines treated by fixed and removable appliances

The aim of the study was to determine the success rate of treatment of impacted and displaced maxillary canines treated with fixed and removable appliances. There were 42 study subjects, 30 female [71.5%] and 12 male [28.5%], with the age range 12 years to 33 years. The decision for selecting the patients for fixed or removable appliances was made after examination of patients, x-rays, model analysis and whether it was a simple or complicated impaction. The oral hygiene of all two groups was fairly good and almost at the same level. Complicated impactions were treated with fixed appliances and simple impactions with removable appliance. The total number of impacted canines treated with fixed appliances were 34 [80.9%] and 8 [19.1%] with removable appliances

Prevalence of malocclusion in Lethrar-a suburb of Islamabad

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the malocclusion in Lethrar, a suburb of Islamabad. Residents of this suburb have come from various parts of Pakistan and settled there. Malocclusion effects oral hygiene and functions and may cause temporomandibular joint [TMJ] dysfunction syndrome. 36 subjects, 28 male [77.7%] and 8 female [22.2%] between the ages of 12 years to 64 years participated in the study. They were examined at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Dental Hospital using standard examination protocol. Of the 36 subjects, 29 subjects [80.5%] came from Punjab, 3 [8.3%] from Kashmir, one [2.7%] from Sindh, one [2.7%] from Baluchistan. Of the examined subjects, 32 [88.8%] had class I occlusion, 4 [11.1%] had class II, 18 [50%] subjects were with crowding of lower anterior teeth, and 2 [5.05%] experienced clicking on opening and closing the mouth

Spread of hepatitis through orthodontic clinics

The article deals with the spread of hepatitis through orthodontic clinics. It is the general impression amongst the orthodontists that as metallic wires, brackets etc do not come in contact with the blood therefore strict sterilization of orthodontic instruments and materials is not necessary. That is a serious miscalculation. Neglecting to take history of orthodontic patients increases the risks of spreading the disease. Moreover, accidental injury to the soft tissues through metal wires, brackets and ortho instruments is possible. Cold sterilization is not effective. Complete sterilization through autoclave or dry heat sterilizer is a must. An orthodontist must have a clear knowledge of the etiology, signs, symptoms and mode of spread of this disease to safeguard the interest of his patients