ABSTRACT
Background@#Misconceptions regarding activities after pacemaker implantation can result in restrictions in daily life. This study aims at measuring the correction of misconceptions following an educational intervention utilizing a picture based brochure and personal counseling. @*Methods@#One hundred and twenty-eight patients were enrolled in a quasi experimental study on the day after pacemaker implantation. Patients’ perceptions about safety of various daily activities, medical procedures, and usage of appliances, in the presence of pacemaker was assessed using a questionnaire before and ten days after an educational intervention using a pictorial brochure. The number of correct responses before and after the intervention was compared to assess the change in patients’ perception. @*Results@#A total of 128 patients were interviewed at baseline, of which 115 followed-up at 10 days. Mean age of patients was 60.31 ± 12.81 years. In total, 76 (59.4%) were male and 61(47.7%) were illiterate. Mean correct responses increased from 64.47 ± 29.48% to 92.29 ± 14.42% (p < 0.001). Percent of questions answered correctly improved in all three categories after the intervention. Correct answers increased from 74.57 ± 24.94% to 95.65 ± 11.48% (p < 0.001) for routine daily activities, 51.09 ± 33.9% to 84.78 ± 20.86% (p < 0.001) for medical procedures and 64.03 ± 37.36% to 92.57 ± 18.79% (p < 0.001) for domestic appliance usage. @*Conclusion@#Misconception that can adversely affect pacemaker patient’s quality of life can be corrected by counseling with pictorial based brochures regardless of the patient’s baseline knowledge or education.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Misconceptions regarding activities after pacemaker implantation can result in restrictions in daily life. This study aims at measuring the correction of misconceptions following an educational intervention utilizing a picture based brochure and personal counseling. @*Methods@#One hundred and twenty-eight patients were enrolled in a quasi experimental study on the day after pacemaker implantation. Patients’ perceptions about safety of various daily activities, medical procedures, and usage of appliances, in the presence of pacemaker was assessed using a questionnaire before and ten days after an educational intervention using a pictorial brochure. The number of correct responses before and after the intervention was compared to assess the change in patients’ perception. @*Results@#A total of 128 patients were interviewed at baseline, of which 115 followed-up at 10 days. Mean age of patients was 60.31 ± 12.81 years. In total, 76 (59.4%) were male and 61(47.7%) were illiterate. Mean correct responses increased from 64.47 ± 29.48% to 92.29 ± 14.42% (p < 0.001). Percent of questions answered correctly improved in all three categories after the intervention. Correct answers increased from 74.57 ± 24.94% to 95.65 ± 11.48% (p < 0.001) for routine daily activities, 51.09 ± 33.9% to 84.78 ± 20.86% (p < 0.001) for medical procedures and 64.03 ± 37.36% to 92.57 ± 18.79% (p < 0.001) for domestic appliance usage. @*Conclusion@#Misconception that can adversely affect pacemaker patient’s quality of life can be corrected by counseling with pictorial based brochures regardless of the patient’s baseline knowledge or education.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii can cause a wide range of infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, peritonitis, etc. This organism is becoming resistant to a large group of antibiotics, especially beta-lactam antibiotics. The reason for multi-drug resistance may be the production of extended- spectrum beta-lactamses [ESBLs], carbapenemases/metallo beta-lactamases or AmpC beta-lactamases. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the patients in Surgical Intensive Care Units [SICUs] of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences [PIMS], Islamabad, Pakistan
Methods: A total of 91 A. baumanni isolates were collected from PIMS during the period from February 2011 to December 2011. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by standard disc diffusion method as recommended by CLSI. Combination disc method, Modified Hodge test, EDTA disc synergy test and AmpC disc test were performed for detection of ESBLs, carbapenemases, metallo beta-lactamases, and AmpC beta-lactamases, respectively
Results: The prevalence of MDRs was reported 100% among A. baumannii. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that minocycline and tigecycline were the most effective drugs against A. baumannii. Almost all of A. baumannii isolates were carbapenemase and metallo beta-lactamase producers. AmpC prevalence was observed in 41.76%, while none of the isolates was ESBL producer. Antibiogram and minimal inhibitory concentrations [MICs] indicated tetracycline is relatively effective against A. baumanii
Conclusions: Increased frequency of multi-drug resistance supports the need for continuous surveillance to determine prevalence and evolution of these enzymes in Pakistan
ABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum bi-lactamases [ESBLs] among the bacteria of family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Nosocomial and outpatients, with double disc diffusion / synergy test. The bacterial strains were isolated from pus, sputum, blood, urine, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid and cerebro-spinal fluid samples, obtained from both Nosocomial and outpatients. The samples were obtained from patients admitted in oncology, post-operative surgical, kidney transplant center / urology wards and intensive care unit of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences as well as outpatients of the hospital. Bacterial isolates, of family Enterobacteriaceae, were obtained from 200 Nosocomial and 200 outpatients [ambulatory]. The isolates were sub-cultured, identified, and the double disc diffusion / synergy test was performed for detection of ESBLs. Double disc diffusion / synergy test, for the detection of ESBLs production in Enterobacteriaceae. Prevalence of ESBLs in the Enterobacteriaceae was found to be 37.50% in Nosocomial and 06% in outpatient isolates. Highest prevalence was seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae [70%], followed by Enterobacter cloacae [33.33%] and Escherichia coli [28.57%] in case of Nosocomial isolates while in case of out-patient [ambulatory] isolates, the Enterobacter cloacae are the most prevalent ESBLs producers [8.33%]. Conclusions: Prevalence of ESBLs among the bacteria of family Enterobacteriaceae was higher in isolates obtained from Nosocomial patients as compared to out-patient [ambulatory] isolates. Such type of antimicrobial resistance appears to be particularly influenced by irrational use of antibiotics. To overcome this problem, the combined competencies of clinicians, microbiologists and the infection control team are needed