ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia. There is either disturbance in insulin secretion or defective insulin action or even a combination of both. Usually, there are few confounding factors like genetic, obesity, sedentary life style, atherosclerosis, and even faulty dietary habits which lead or aggravate DM. Usually, the individual does not care and often the complications resulting from hyperglycaemia are fatal. Complications in DM involve the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal and neurological systems in the body. Treatment of diabetic complications is not only costly but it is also a burden on the affected families. The present review discusses the challenges faced in DM with special concern on diet and food habits. Knowledge of proper food consumption may also help an individual combat complication in DM and reduce the mortality and morbidity.
Subject(s)
Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
The right lung is known to exhibit variations regarding the presence of fissures and lobes. Often the anomalies pertaining to the lungs remain undetected if they are asymptomatic. The variations may be detected incidentally in routine autopsies and cadaveric dissections. We studied thirty five cadaveric right lungs [n=35] to detect any anomalies pertaining to fissures and lobes. Out of thirty five specimens studied, anomalous fissure and lobe was detected in a single lung specimen. The anomalous lung exhibited a single oblique fissure which did not extend to the inferior border, rather it extended to the anterior border of the right lung. The presence of the single oblique fissure resulted in formation of two lobes in the right lung. Anatomical knowledge of the abnormal fissures and lobes of the lungs may be important for surgeons performing lobectomies. The presence of the anomalous lobes and fissures may also result in erroneous interpretation of skiagrams