ABSTRACT
Background: Extraction of teeth is the commonest surgical procedure carried out in the dental surgery setting. The purpose of this survey was to identify the causes of teeth extraction in Kashmiri population. Material & Methods: This study was done on the patients who were referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Government Dental College Srinagar for tooth extraction for the period of 6 months from February 2019 to July 2019. Total of 3000 patients were included in this study. Results: There were 1680 (56%) extractions in males and 1320 (44%) in females with male?to?female extraction ratio of 1.2:1. In both male and female gender, there were more teeth extractions between the ages of 11 and 30 years. The commonest tooth to be extracted was 1st molar both in upper (27.2%) and lower (30.4%) arch. The commonest reasons for teeth extraction were caries (53.4%; 1602/3000). Conclusions: The result of this study shows that dental caries is the commonest reason for tooth extraction in Kashmiri population. It is hoped that the study will facilitate the development of treatment and preventive procedures relevant to the problems, thus minimizing the loss of teeth and its expected adverse consequences.
ABSTRACT
The aim of our study is to assess the need for postoperative antibiotics following simple exodontia and determine its role in minimizing patient discomfort and postoperative complications. Methods: All the patients undergoing simple extractions were grouped into two categories: Group 1, patients receiving antibiotics, and Group 2, patients receiving no antibiotics. Patients were recalled on the sixth day to assess postoperative complications. On recall, patients were evaluated for signs of persistent inflammation and signs of dry socket. Presence of persistent inflammation and/or suppuration on the 6th day was considered as wound infection. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in this study. Out of the total sample, 185 (92.5%) presented with no postoperative complications and 15 (7.5%) had postoperative complications, out of which 12 (6%) patients presented with dry socket (alveolar osteitis), 5 (5%) in the antibiotic group and 7 (7%) in the non-antibiotic group. Only 3 patient (1.5%) was reported with infection of the extraction socket 1 in antibiotic group and 2 in the non-antibiotic group. Conclusion: Antibiotics are not required after simple extractions in patients who are not medically comprised nor do they have any role in preventing postoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant heritable disorder caused by mutation in the gene encoding transcription factor Core Binding Factor Subunit Alpha 1 (CBFA1) or Runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). It is characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the clavicles, characteristic craniofacial malformations, and the presence of numerous supernumerary and unerupted teeth. A 37 year old male with cleidocranial dysplasia is described in this article with cyst associated with impacted teeth as the first presentation.
ABSTRACT
Background: One of the treatment modalities of mandibular and midface fracture is closed reduction with the use of intermaxillary fixation (IMF), in which the fractured segments are immobilized adjacent to each other and this procedure results in the reunion of the separated segments. It has been shown that there is a direct relation between nutrition and the healing process of the body therefore treatment with IMF could possibly affect the healing process. In this study, we evaluated the effects of IMF on paraclinical factors like protein profile and lipid profile which are markers for malnutrition condition, so further thoughts can be given to prevent malnutrition by using different supplements. Methods:30 Patients having mandibular fracture which needed closed treatment was selected for this study. All patients were treated with a 4 weeks period of IMF. Lipid profile factors [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG)] and protein profile factors [hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (Alb)] were measured before the start of IMF and after the 4 weeks period of IMF. Results: there occur decrease in the level of Alb and the reduction was statistically significant. There occur slight increase in Hb level at the end of treatment however the result was statistically insignificant. also there occur decrease in the level of TC, HDL, LDL and TG after the treatment but the result was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: it was concluded that treatment with IMF can result in malnutrition conditions although not severe. so when close reduction techniques are used as the treatment plan in maxillofacial region, a supplemental nutrition planning is very thoughtful thing to do.
ABSTRACT
Piper nigrum L. is considered the king of spices throughout the world due to its pungent principle piperine. Peppercorn of Piper nigrum as a whole or its active components are used in most of the food items. Different parts of Piper nigrum including secondary metabolites are also used as drug, preservative, insecticidal and larvicidal control agents. Biologically Piper nigrum is very important specie. The biological role of this specie is explained in different experiments that peppercorn and secondary metabolites of Piper nigrum can be used as Antiapoptotic, Antibacterial, Anti-Colon toxin, Antidepressant, Antifungal, Antidiarrhoeal, Anti-inflammatory, Antimutagenic, Anti-metastatic activity, Antioxidative, Antiriyretic, Antispasmodic, Antispermatogenic, Antitumor, Antithyroid, Ciprofloxacin potentiator, Cold extremities, Gastric ailments, Hepatoprotective, Insecticidal activity, Intermittent fever and Larvisidal activity. Other roles of this specie includes protection against diabetes induced oxidative stress; Piperine protect oxidation of various chemicals, decreased mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, inhibition of aryl hydroxylation, increased bioavailability of vaccine and sparteine, increase the bioavailability of active compounds, delayed elimination of antiepileptic drug, increased orocecal transit time, piperine influenced and activate the biomembrane to absorb variety of active agents, increased serum concentration, reducing mutational events, tumour inhibitory activity, Piperine inhibite mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, growth stimulatory activity and chemopreventive effect. This review based on the biological role of Piper nigrum can provide that the peppercorn or other parts can be used as crude drug for various diseases while the secondary metabolites such as piperine can be used for specific diseases.
ABSTRACT
Alanine Aminotransferase [ALT] is an enzyme found in Liver and indicates injury to Hepatocytes. It is influenced by various factors. The objectives of this study were to identify the correlates of ALT activity among healthy medical students of Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology, aged 18-22 years. This was to establish the mean ALT levels of the students and compare them with those in various parts of the world and observe various correlations that exist and factors that may influence ALT levels. This population included 143 volunteer students [93 men and 50 women] selected on the basis of negative answers to a detailed medical questionnaire including past medical history, drug and alcohol consumption, on the absence of clinical signs of liver disease, on the negativity of serological testing for Hepatitis B and C virus. The mean ALT level of the entire population was 28.7 IU/L. A major sex-difference in ALT value was observed, the mean ALT value being higher in men than in women [32.1 +/- 21.7 vs. 22.6 +/- 9.7 IU/L, p<0.004]. According to WHO criteria for Asians, normal BMI was taken from 18.5-23.0 Kg/m[2]. There was a positive significant correlation between serum ALT level and BMI [p<0.002]. ALT level strongly correlates with body mass index and gender. There was no significant variation in ALT levels among Punjabis and Sindhis, Balochis, Pathans, and Kashmiris. We suggest the need of taking into account these parameters in a clinical interpretation of ALT level