ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Aims: To synthesize data on the worldwide prevalence and severity of COPD by geographical region, age groups, and smoking status in a systematic review.
Methods: A systematic search was performed following Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. International databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for population-based studies published between January 2004 and May 2015 that reported the prevalence of COPD anywhere in the world. The prevalence of COPD was calculated based on World Health Organization (WHO) regions and sex and severity stages using metaprop. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were applied to determine the sources of heterogeneity.
Results: Sixty papers were screened with a combined subject sample size of 127 598. The prevalence of post-bronchodilator COPD was 12.16% (10.9113.40%). The pooled prevalence of COPD was 15.70% (13.8018.59%) in men and 9.93% (8.73-11.13%) in women. Among all WHO regions, the highest prevalence was recorded in the Region of the Americas (14.53%), and the lowest was recorded in the South-East Asia Region/Western Pacific Region (8.80%). Meta-regression model variables were: sample size, WHO region, study quality score, level of gathering data, publication year, and sampling methods that justified 29.82% of heterogeneity detected among COPD prevalence rates worldwide.
Conclusions: Global prevalence of COPD among men is about 5% higher than among women. The most prevalent stage of COPD is stage 1
ABSTRACT
More than 80% cardiovascular disease [CVD] is preventable despite the fact that it is currently the ultimate cause of disability in the world. Assessment of the nationwide prevalence of dyslipidemia as a major CVD risk factor is essential to efficiently conduct prevention programs. We extracted data according to the cut-off points of dyslipidemia used in each study. All published papers on this topic in Iranian and international journals with affiliation of [Iran] were reviewed using standard keywords up to September 2011. We included all available population-based studies and national surveys conducted in individuals aged > 15 years. We excluded studies with < 300 individuals, non-population-based studies, or duplicated citations. We analyzed by random effect method due to between-study heterogeneity. The estimated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals in 29 eligible articles and one un-published data for hypercholesterolemia [>/= 200 mg/dl], hypertriglyceridemia [>/= 150 mg/dl], high levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol [[LDL-C] [>/= 130 mg/dl]] and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol [[HDL-C] <40 mg/dl in males, <50 mg/dl in females], in Iranian people were 41.6% [36.1-47.0], 46.0% [43.3-48.7], 35.5% [24.0-47.1] and 43.9% [33.4-54.4], respectively among both sexes and in both rural and urban areas. Hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C and low HDL-C were more prevalent in women, whereas hypertriglyceridemia was more prevalent in men. All types of lipid component abnormalities were more prevalent in urban residents. Prevalence of dyslipidemia is considerable in Iran. It is necessary to enforce current measures of dyslipidemia control in the Iranian people to reduce CVD burden
ABSTRACT
Longevity is a multifaceted trait in which variety of genes and environmental factors are involved. Newly, the role of vitamin D has been revived regarding its potential advantage on delaying the aging process. Vitamin D exerts its effect through vitamin D receptor [VDR]. VDR-FokI is the only polymorphism which alters the VDR length. We examined the frequency of FokI genotypes in old age population as compared to young adults to determine the discerning genotype of FokI polymorphism leading to longer living. In addition, to highlight the position of FokI polymorphism in quality of life; a cognitive function assessment was performed. 728 participants participated in this study of which 166 individuals were elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation. The rest were participants of Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study [IMOS]. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and VDR genotype was detected by the polymerase chain reaction. The participants in the elderly group underwent a cognitive function assessment. Cognitive function was measured with the mini mental state examination [MMSE]. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.5. The prevalence of ff genotype showed 48% decrease in elderly population as compared to young adults [P=0.06]. In addition, F allele was over-represented in the elderly group as compared to controls [P=0.05]. Also, "FF" participants of elderly group had higher MMSE as compared to "ff" genotype [18.16Vs17.12]. Our data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in FokI may be possibly involved in longevity and cognitive function
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum adiponectin and a set of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with carotid artery intimal-medial thickness [CIMT] and coronary artery calcium score [CACS], as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with early type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carotid artery intima- media thickness [measured by B-mode ultrsonogra-phy], coronary artery calcium score [determined by high resolution computed tomography], serum adiponectin, Fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, body mass index [BMI], systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured in 123 asymptomatic newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellituss and 152 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Serum adiponectin and lipids were significantly lower in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus [P<0.01]. Left, right and mean carotid artery intima- media thickness, coronary artery calcium score, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher among diabetic patients compared to healthy controls [P<0.05]. Mean carotid artery intima- media thickness was positively and independently related to age [P<0.001] and triglyceride [P=0.01] in diabetic group. Coronary artery calcium score was associated positively with age [P=0.004] and inversely with high density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol [P=0.002] among diabetics. Although adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to controls, it had no significant association with carotid artery intima- media thickness and coronary artery calcium score as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to age, serum triglyceride levels are correlated with carotid artery intima- media thickness, while HDL cholesterol is inversely correlated with coronary artery calcium score
ABSTRACT
Epidemiological studies have reported positive, negative, U-shaped or J-shaped association between high blood pressure and cognitive function as well as dementia whereas other studies have not reported any significant association. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hypertension and cognitive impairment in the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation [KCF]. This cross sectional study was done in Kahrizak Charity Foundation in suburban areas of Tehran, Iran during 2008. The data were collected over one week. Among the 850 elderly residents of the Foundation who were >/= 65 years old, 185 individuals were chosen randomly. The Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] was completed for all. Mean of all blood pressure readings were recorded while anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed. The findings indicated that in participants with cognitive impairment, systolic blood pressure, diastolic and mean blood pressures were higher than people with normal cognitive function but the differences were not significant statistically. The odds ratio of cognitive impairment in patients with and without hypertension was 1.52 and 1.58, respectively [P>0.05]. This study did not show any significant association between hypertension and cognitive impairment in the elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation
ABSTRACT
Aging is natural course of life which accompanied by changes of metabolism, The exchanges susceptible elderly to malnutrition in researched was do in this back ground about 3-13% of aged population involved to malnutrition that this rate increased to 30-60% in institulized elderly. In this study we assessed the effects of medical care staffs education on nutritional situation of elderly livid in KAHRIZAK charity Foundation in TEHRAN during 4 months. 192 elderly which lived in KCF and equal or older than 65 satisfied in including to this study randomely. [50 males and 142 females] although for inclusion they had not involved to an staged liver and renal disease and had not history of surgery during one month before initiated of study. We checked HB, HCT, LDL, NDL, FBS, CRP, ALB, Although assessed MNA, MMSE, ADL, Norton sore before and after educational intervention. Educational workshop operated for medical and nursing staffs of KCF during 3 days. Clinical and Para clinical assessments did 4 months, again, after that, and collected data entered to EXEL and analyzied by SPSS soft wares. Before educational intervention 35.9% of elderly had very severe or severe malnutrition that after intervention decreased to 18.3% mean of ALB, HB, HCT, LDL, F.B.S increased after intervention and significant [p<0/05]. Nutritional situation correlated to age, mouth and swallowing disorders, poly farmacy, cognitive condition, ADL score in eating and Norton scores significant. Base of this findings is concluded medical and nursing staffs nursinghomes has significant effects on decrease of moderate and Severe malnutrition in elderly. Education in this instated have to continue and not cross over like this study for significant Paraclinical improvements of nutritional indicators