Awareness and practices regarding waste management in health care staff of hospitals of Rawalpindi

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practices of health care staff including administrators, doctors, nurses, para medical staff, housekeeping staff regarding hospital waste management

Study design: A cross sectional study

Place and duration: It was conducted in Social Security Hospital, Islamabad and Ahmed Complex Hospital, Rawalpindi from 1[st] October 2012- 31 December 2012

Methodology: A total of 96 health care workers were included by purposive sampling technique, including 8 administrators, 40 doctors, 27 nurses, 5 para medical staff, 16 housekeeping staff. The data was collected on a structured questionnaire for afterwards statistical analysis

Results: Health care staff aware of biomedical waste were 82.4% [n=84].There was significant difference [p=0.003] in knowledge of hospital staff of different designations regarding biomedical waste, hazards related to sharps [p=0.000], improper waste disposal [p=0.000]. Health care staff aware of level of segregation of hazardous and non hazardous waste were 65.4% [n=66]. Health care staff aware of mode of health care waste transportation was 65.7% [n=65] and its disposal was 80.8% [n=80]

Conclusion: Awareness regarding biomedical waste management was satisfactory in health care staff but when compared amongst themselves it was better in doctors, nurses and administrative staff and less in para medical and housekeeping staff

Frequency of cigarette and sheesha smoking among students of a private medical college

To determine the frequency of cigarette and sheesha smoking among students of a private medical college. This study was conducted at Islamabad Medical and Dental college, Islamabad from April to September, 2013. A close ended questionnaire was administered to find out the frequency of cigarette and sheesha smoking among medical students and their knowledge about hazards of smoking. In this cross sectional survey, 255 MBBS students from Islamabad Medical and Dental college, Islamabad were selected. The mean age of students was 21.83 +/- 1.657 years. The frequency of cigarette smoking was 33%, sheesha smoking 36%, and smoking of both was 24.3%. There were 16[6%] students who were ex-smokers of cigarette, 4% of sheesha and 1.6% of both. Greater part of students 32[12.5%] smoke 6 -10 cigarettes per day. Parents of 42 [34.7%] students know about their smoking. Majority of the students 45 [17.6%] started smoking just for fun or 25 [9.8%] to release stress. The main cause of quitting smoking in 15 [39.5%] students was medical advice or due to advice by elders in 11 [28.9%] students. 226 [88.6%] students had awareness about the ill effects of smoking. According to the bulk of students 105 [41.2%] the most effective way to control smoking epidemic is health education. Some students 46 [18%] had an opinion of high tax on cigarettes and 27 [10.6%] compulsory pictorial warnings on cigarette packs. Sheesha and cigarette smoking is very popular among medical students. Most of the students know about hazards of sheesha smoking.

Effect of demographic characteristics on patient's satisfaction with health care facility

To assess the patients' satisfaction level and effect of demographic characteristics on patients' satisfaction with health care facility in a tertiary care hospital. This Descriptive Cross sectional survey was conducted from June through October, 2012 in Out Patients Department of Punjab Social Security Hospital [PESSI], Rawalpindi. Participants were interviewed by trained inter viewers [students of 4th year MBBS class] using pre tested questionnaires. The patients were interviewed for their satisfaction and experience in the healthcare facility regarding interaction with doctors, paramedical staff, and facilities in the institution. Demographics like age, gender, educational status, marital status and monthly income were recorded. A five point scale of Strongly Agree [5], Agree [4], Uncertain [3], Disagree [2], and Strongly Disagree [1] was used. The percentage score was calculated for each patient and patient satisfaction was measured in terms of mean percent score. In sample of 110 patients, age of patient showed significant [p-value= 0.033] relationship with satisfaction score, with maximum satisfaction level [79.86%] in older age patients of > 55 years. Gender and occupation of patient did not show significant effect on satisfaction score. The illiterate or less educated [p-value = 0.003] and married patients were significantly [p-value= 0.003] more satisfied. Patients with less monthly income were significantly[p-value < 0.001] more satisfied. Older and less educated patients with lower income bracket were more satisfied with healthcare facility as compared to younger, highly educated patients and having higher income levels

Frequency and common forms of smoking in female students of universities of Islamabad

Objective: To determine frequency and common forms of smoking in female students of universities of Islamabad

Study Design: Across sectional study

Place And Duration: Duration carried out in six months from August 2010 to January 2011, including female students studying in four different Higher Education Commission [H.E.C] recognized universities of Islamabad

Methodology: A total of 380 students were selected by two stage sampling. In the first stage out of 16 H.E.C recognized universities, four universities were selected by simple random sampling and in the second stage female students were selected on the basis of consecutive sampling. Study tool was a self developed questionnaire which was amended in the light of pilot study

Results: Prevalence of smoking in University going female students was 17.6%. The average age of students was 20.43 +1.8 years. Sheesha smoking was the most common mode of smoking 62% [n=42]. Majority of the students started smoking between 15-19 years 63% [n=42] Highest percentage 24.2% [n=9] of smoking was in the students doing bachelors in fashion designing [B.F.D] followed by students doing bachelors in business administration [[B.B.A] 22.6% [n=41]

Conclusion: As smoking is on rise amongst young females, there is dire need to make policies to effectively control its growing rate

Association of transaminase levels with obesity, serum lipids, diabetes, smoking and level of physical activity

To determine the association of the serum transaminase levels in non-viral liver disorders and the underlying factors, including obesity, serum lipids, history of diabetes, and lifestyle factors, such as smoking and exercise/physical activity. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Medical OPD of Pakistan atomic energy complex [PAEC] Hospital, Islamabad from September, 2011 to February, 2012. Ninety six patients were selected by consecutive sampling after obtaining hospital ethical committee permission and informed written consent. Ratio of S-GOT/S-GPT was analyzed along with values of blood sugar fasting, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Blood Pressure, Exercise/Physical Activity and Smoking by a semi structured questionnaire. The normal and abnormal values of Liver function tests were associated with the above mentioned investigations and Chi square test was applied. There were 5 [5.2%] patients who had elevated S-GOT value. There was significant association between S-GOT value and monthly income of the patients [p-value <0.029] but not in case of SGPT. Similarly Hepatitis B antigen also showed significant association with S-GOT [0.004] and SGPT level [0.03]. There was no significant relationship between normal or elevated SGOT/SGPT with triglycerides, cholesterol, blood sugar fasting [BSF], blood pressure, practice of regular exercise and smoking status of patients. Raised liver enzymes are associated with positive Hepatitis B antigen and socioeconomic status of patients

Bacterial sensitivity in neonatal sepsis

To determine the bacterial sensitivity and resistance patterns to different antibiotics in neonatal sepsis. A descriptive study including indoor patients [neonates] of Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from March, 2009 to September, 2009. A structured Performa was used to collect the information for the baseline characteristics like age, gender, birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery of the neonate and age of onset of illness. The sensitivity and resistance patterns were checked by standard disc diffusion method of all the organisms found with Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, Amikacin, imipenam, Ofloxacin, Azetreonam and in some cases Vancomycin. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS version 12.0. A total of 50 Neonates with blood culture proven neonatal sepsis were included in the study by consecutive sampling. 27[54%] children presented with late onset neonatal sepsis and 23 [46%] with early neonatal sepsis. The most common organism was Enterobactor [48%] followed by Escherichia coli [16%] and Klebsiella [14%]. The highest resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was with cefotaxime [80%] followed by Enterobactor [58%]. Majority of the organisms were resistant for ceftazidime [100% by Staphylococcus, 79.2% by Enterobactor, 75% by Escherichia coli and 71% by klebsiella]. Ceftriaxone was found highly resistant for most of the organism's i.e. Klebsiella [71.4%], Enterobactor [70.8%], Staphylococcus aureus [60%] and Escherichia coli [50%]. The sensitivity of the Staphylococcus with these antibiotics was almost zero, only with vancomycin with which it was 100% sensitive. Most common organisms were Enterobactor [48%] followed by Escherichia coli [16%] and Klebsiella [14%]

Patients satisfaction levels in out patient department of a teaching hospital

To evaluate patient satisfaction and its relation with different demographic factors of respondents in the outpatient department of a teaching hospital. A cross sectional study was performed between February 2011 and June 2011. A total sample size of 150 participants was collected by consecutive sampling technique. Participants were interviewed privately face to face in the hospital in Outpatient department of FES SI hospital Rawalpindi. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using pre tested questionnaires. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS v 15. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Percent mean score technique was used to show the satisfaction score of the participants. In this sample of 150 participants 89 [59.30%] were males. Mean age of the sample was 38.15110.919 years. Majority of the participants [105 [70%]] were married. Most of the participants [72 [48%]] were under matric and 66 [44%] were illiterate. Maximum patients [72 [48%]] belonged to low income class [< 7000 Rs.]. The overall patients satisfaction in terms of mean percent satisfaction score was 61.39 +/- 9.8793 ranging from 33.5 to 84. The highest mean percent satisfaction score [64.15 +/- 11.61] was observed in age interval of 25-35 years and the higher satisfaction was noted in females [62.10 +/- 8.95]. The highest satisfaction with respect to marital status was seen in widowed category and minimum in single patients. The highest mean percent satisfaction score [67.75 +/- 5.08] was in patients who had intermediate level education but the patients who were in under matric category of education had lowest mean percent satisfaction level of 58.63 +/- 9.56. Similarly the highest satisfaction was observed in low income class [63.33 +/- 10.09]. In general, patients were satisfied with their hospital care; overall satisfaction level was 61%. Patients' level of satisfaction showed a relation with age, gender, education and income level

Patient satisfaction for levonorgestrel intrauterine system and norethisterone for treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB] is a common problem with complex management. It can be quite harrowing for the physicians as in most instances they are unable to pinpoint the cause of abnormal bleeding even after a thorough history and physical examination. Aim was to compare patient satisfaction for Levonorgestrel intra uterine system [LNG-IUS] and Norethisterone for the treatment of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding [DUB]. It is Descriptive case series conducted in Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from September, 2011 to September, 2012. One hundred and nineteen [119] female patients of reproductive age Group with DUB were selected by consecutive sampling. Informed written consent was obtained. A structural patient satisfaction questionnaire [PSQ] was used to collect information regarding age of patients, type of method used for treatment of DUB [Levonorgestrel or Norethisterone], treatment outcome in terms of patient satisfaction scale, and decrease in bleeding after 6 months. The mean age of the patients was 41.03 +/- 4.415 year ranging from 28-60 years. The mean parity of women in the study was 3.22 +/- 1.188 with a range of 1-7. The satisfaction level was significantly [p<0.05] greater [90% versus 20%] in Group A [levonorgesterol-releasing intrauterine system] as compared with Group B [Norethisterone]. The blood loss was significantly [p<0.05] decreased in Group A [98%] as compared with Group B [80%]. The preference of continuing the method as well as recommendation to a friend was significantly greater in Group A as compared to Group B. The levonorgesterol-releasing intrauterine system [LNG-IUS] is a better choice as compared to Norethisterone, for treatment of DUB with 90% patients highly satisfied.

Reasons for discontinuation of contraceptive methods among couples with different family size and educational status

High rates of contraceptive discontinuation for reasons other than the desire for pregnancy are a public health concern because of their association with negative reproductive health outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine reasons for discontinuation of contraceptive methods among couples with different family size and educational status. This crosssectional study was carried out at the Obstetrics/Gynaecology Out-Patient Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad from April-September 2012. Patients [241] were selected by consecutive sampling after informed written consent and acquiring approval of Ethical Committee. The survey interview tool was a semi-structured questionnaire. Majority [68%] of women belonged to urban, and the rest were from rural areas. Mean age of these women was 29.43 +/- 5.384 year. Reasons for discontinuation of contraceptives included fear of injectable contraceptives [2.9%], contraceptive failure/pregnancy [7.46%], desire to become pregnant [63.48%], husband away at job [2.49%], health concerns/side effects [16.18%], affordability [0.83%], inconvenient to use [1.24%], acceptability [0.83%] and accessibility/lack of information [4.56%]. Association of different reasons of discontinuation [chi square test] with the family size [actual number of children] was significant [p=0.019] but was not significant with husband's or wife's educational status [p=0.33 and 0.285 respectively]. Keeping in mind the complex socioeconomic conditions in our country, Family planning programmers and stake holders need to identify women who strongly want to avoid a pregnancy and finding ways to help the couples successfully initiate and maintain appropriate contraceptive use.

Impact of kegel exercises on control of urinary incontinence in patients of cystocoele

To determine Impact of Kegel exercises on control of urinary incontinence in patients of Cystocoele. A Randomized control trail [RCT]. It was conducted in the Department of Rehabilitation, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad from May, 2012 to November, 2012. Fifty Patients of cystocoele [25 each] selected by consecutive sampling were included in two groups by randomization. Kegel's and postural correction exercises were introduced to the experimental group and back strengthening and postural correction exercises to the control group. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS 17 software. 't' test was used to determine the effectiveness of Kegel's exercises on urinary incontinence in patients of Cystocoele. p-value [0.001] was significant. It was observed that 60% of the subjects responded well to Kegel's and postural correction exercises. On the other hand 40% subjects responded to the back strengthening and postural exercises. Eighteen subjects [36%] were included in post menopausal age and 11[22%] in pre menopausal status. Where as 21 subjects [42%] were in reproductive age group [20-40 years]. Thirty two subjects [64%] had Grade I, and 18 subjects [36%] had Grade II cystocoele. Moderate urinary incontinence persisted in 5 subjects [10%,] only, while maximum subjects 23 [46%] had no urinary incontinence, and 22 subjects [44%] had slight urinary incontinence. Kegel exercises were proved to be significantly effective [p= 0.03] in improving the urinary incontinence in the experimental group as compared to control group [back strengthening exercise].

Association of maternal anthropometry with the neonatal birth weight in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy

There is scarcity of data from Pakistan, which looks at the relationship of maternal nutritional status with the neonatal birth weight The objective of study was to investigate association of increase in the neonatal birth weight with maternal height and weight, in 3rd trimester in normal pregnancy. The study was conducted between the months of April-November 2007 at Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. This Descriptive case series included a total of 118 patients who were selected by consecutive sampling. Dietary history was taken by a semi structured Food Frequency questionnaire at the time of registration and 24 hours dietary recall was conducted at least three times from time of registration until the last visit before pregnancy and mean dietary intake for third trimester was calculated. Differences between group means were calculated by Student's t-test. Regression analysis was used to examine the trends between neonatal birth weight and the maternal dietary intake including energy, protein, carbohydrates and lipids. Energy consumption of the pregnant women was 2168.89 Kcal/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal energy intake showed a highly significant [P = 0.007] increase in the birth weight of the neonates. Neonatal birth weight was positively associated with increasing maternal height [p=0.02] as well as increasing maternal weight gain [P=0.008]. No significant difference was observed between the mean maternal energy consumption [kcal/day], maternal weight gain in the last trimester [g/wk], and neonatal birth weight [g] between the pregnant women belonging to the different categories of Body Mass Index and mean upper arm circumference. Maternal nutritional status is positively associated with the neonatal birth weight. Expecting mothers and young girls nutritions must be given special attention to ensure delivery of a healthy and a normal child

Low birth weight and relationship with maternal dietary habits during third trimester of low risk pregnancies in a hospital based study in Pakistan

The study is conducted to observe the relationship of maternal diet in third trimester of pregnancy with the neonatal birth weight, in the women at a low risk of delivering low birth-weight neonates. This hospital based follow up study was conducted during the months of April-November 2007 at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Pregnant women with low risk of delivering low birth weight neonates were registered at 26 weeks of pregnancy, by employing consecutive [non-probability] sampling technique. Dietary history was taken by a semi structured Food Frequency questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall at the time of registration. Written informed consent was obtained. Thirteen percent of women with normal pregnancies delivered low birth weight neonates weighing <2500 grams [including preterm and full term neonates]. The women delivering low birth weight neonates had significantly lower consumption of calories [P= 0.0002], carbohydrate [P=0.008], and lipid [P=0.00005] during the third trimester. In addition the mean maternal weekly weight gain and maternal hemoglobin concentration was also significantly lower in the women who delivered LBW neonates. The frequency of total protein, meat, carbohydrates and fruits consumption per week, calculated from food frequency questionnaire conducted at the start of third trimester was also lower in the women who delivered LBW neonates. The consumption of soft drinks and tea per week was higher in the women who delivered LBW neonates, although this finding was not statistically significant. This study suggests the importance of good maternal nutrition during pregnancy for the optimal newborn weight

Oral misoprostol for induction of labour

To determine the effect of oral Misoprostol in labour induction with respect to ease of administration and induction-to-delivery time interval. Observational study. Gynaecology/Obstetrics Department, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March to August 2006. Women with live singleton pregnancy of >37 weeks gestation with cephalic presentation, with an indication for induction of labour were inducted. Oral misoprostol 50 microg to 400 microg was given in divided doses at 4 hours interval upto a maximum of 4 doses, till labour was induced. Fetomaternal outcome and induction to delivering time interval in hours was noted. In 6 months duration, 250 mothers were recruited for the study. The main indication for labour induction was post date pregnancy [52%] and oxytocin was given in 50% cases. The majority [96%] of mothers went into labour but 4% [9] had failed induction. The majority [73%, n=176/241] of mothers delivered vaginally, 99% being delivered in the first 24 hours. Mean induction-delivery interval was 11 +/- 2.7 hours. Sixty five [27%] had to undergo emergency lower segment caesarean section, the major indication being fetal distress [41.5%, n=27] and meconium staining of liquor [40%, n=26]. Again, a majority [95%] of the babies were delivered with good Apgar score. However, 10.8% developed meconium aspiration syndrome. Early neonatal deaths occurred in 0.8% [2] cases. Maternal hyper stimulation was seen in 1 case [0.4%]. Oral misoprostol as an agent for labour induction in term pregnancy was easy to administer and the majority of women [99%] delivered in the first 24 hours

Frequency of ear problems associated with diving and their prevention in Pakistan navy

To determine the frequency of different ear problems among divers of Pakistan Navy and the factors contributing to them. A cross sectional descriptive study. This study was conducted in three major units of Pakistan Navy where active diving is going on all the times from March 2007 to July 2007. 100 divers were selected by consecutive sampling. They were examined and interviewed following a pre-designed questionnaire by the investigator. The overall frequency of ear problems was 54% including infection, barotraumas and deafness. Frequency of ear problems was more in those having more service as divers. It was about 8% in divers with diving experience 1-8 years, 32% in 9-16 years and about 66% in those with diving experience of more than 16 years [p< 0.001]. There is an association between years of diving and sensorineural hearing loss. Frequency of ear problems was more in smokers [58%] as compared to non smokers [26%] and it was found statistically significant [p<0.004]. Major factors contributing to the ear problems included Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and diving after long intervals. Comprehensive medical examination should be done before selection of the divers for Prevention and early diagnosis

Treatment induced leucopenia in hepatitis C and role of G-CSF in its management

To determine the frequency and severity of leucopenia during antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C and the effectiveness of G-CSF [Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor] in its management. An observational study. Shafi Clinic, Rawalpindi, from July 2005 to July 2007. Patients with Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] positive for Hepatitis C Virus-Ribonucleic Acid [HCV-RNA] by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay [ELISA] method were included in the study. Standard combination therapy was given to all i.e. interferon and ribavirin. Those with total leukocyte count [TLC] <4000/cmm were given injection Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor [G-CSF] according to severity of leucopenia. Response to therapy was noted and dose titration was done accordingly. A total of 208 patients were enrolled in the study with 99 [48%] males and 109 [52%] females. Total leukocyte count [TLC] < 4000/cmm was observed in 78 [37.5%] cases. Conventional interferon induced leucopenia was seen in 60 out of 172 [35%] cases. Pegylated interferon induced leucopenia was seen in 18 out of 36 [50%] cases. Patients on Pegylated interferon had more severe leucopenia as compared to those on conventional interferon. Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor [G-CSF] administration resulted in an increase in mean total leukocyte count from 2300 to 5200/cmm. No patient required antiviral dose reduction or discontinuation. Recombinant Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor [G-CSF] administration tends to manage leucopenia, which is a common adverse effect of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C

Body weight and bleeding pattern changes in women using DMPA-SC

To determine the 1-year efficacy of contraception, changes in bleeding pattern and weight with the use of Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate-subcutaneous injected subcutaneously once every 3 months. Descriptive case-series. Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, from March 2003 to June 2004. Twenty five patients were selected by purposive sampling and followed up in Holy Family Hospital, Gynaecology and Obstetric Unit for a one-year period using DMPA-SC every three months. Hospital Ethical Committee permission was obtained prior to commencement of the study. Informed written consent was taken. Body weight was measured at baseline and every 3 months thereafter. Bleeding analysis in terms of blood flow and severity of bleeding was also done at 3 months interval using a 5-point scale. DMPA-SC showed 100% efficacy in preventing pregnancy in the 25 patients who were followed up. Mean and SD of age was 34.24 +/- 3.57 years. Mean and SD of weight was 63.44 +/- 13.81 kg. There was a mean weight gain of 0.1 kg at visit 1-3 [first 3 months] and an average weight gain of 1.036 kg at the end of the year. There was a trend towards amenorrhea with 56% of the patients included in the category of bleeding less than usual at the end of treatment period. DMPA-SC can be used in women desiring reversible contraception with unremarkable weight gain and overall bleeding pattern leading towards amenorrhea

Frequency and extent of foot lesion and the susceptibility pattern of infective organisms in diabetic foot

To determine frequency and extent of foot lesion and the susceptibility pattern of infective organisms in Diabetic foot. [Descriptive] cross sectional study. Surgical Unit -II Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi completed in 4 months [5 Feb.2008 to 5 June, 2008]. A total of 50 consecutive patients with diabetic foot lesions were assessed for angiopathy, neuropathy and extent of foot lesion. Necessary investigations including x-ray foot, pus for culture and sensitivity and fungal scraping were carried out. 40% of total patients were insulin dependent diabetics [IDDM] out of which 80% were on irregular treatment. 52% of total patients were non insulin dependent [NIDDM] out of which 73% were on irregular treatment and 8% of total patients were getting no treatment. Most of the infection were due to staphylococcus aureus [22%], pseudomonas [18%] Proteus [16%] E.Coli [12%] Streptococci[12%]. Angiopathy was present in 62% patients and partial or complete sensory loss was present in 74% patients. 54% patients had Osteomyelitis. 61% patients had partial or complete sensory loss in Grade I, II, III and in [Grade IV and V], 100% patients had partial or complete sensory loss. All the patients in Grade IV and V had random blood sugar values more than 200md/dl, showing poor glycaemic control. Diabetic foot lesions are more common in older age group, mostly in males and present in fairly advanced grades [Grade III, IV and V]. Main contributing factors are sensory neuropathy, angiopathy, poor glycaemic control. Most common infecting organisms are staphylococci and pseudomonas

Presentation and complications of snakebite in a tertiary care hospital

To determine frequency of various modes of presentation, complications and management of snakebite. Descriptive case series. Medical Unit II, Rawalpindi General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from September 2006 to August 2007. All patients over 12 years of age and presenting to emergency department with history of snakebite and features of envenomation were included in the study. All these patients were given Anti-Snake Venom. Symptomatic treatment of complications was done. Semi-structured questionnaire was filled during hospital stay to analyze variouscharacteristics of snakebite and people's attitude towards this problem. A total of 65 patients were enrolled in the study with 40 males [61.5%] and 25 [38.5%] females. Maximum cases 15 [23%] were seen in the month of August. Age group, that was maximally affected, was between 26-30 years [12 cases or 18.5%]. Only 2 patients had neurotoxic snakebite, whereas rest of the cases were vasculo toxic in nature. Gum bleeding and cellulitis were the main presenting complaints. Mortality was 4.6% [3 cases]. A great majority of patients arrived late in the hospital because of lack of awareness and use of traditional though ineffective measures. Snakebite is a major public health problem. Patients with snakebite can be managed effectively provided timely administration of anti-snake Venom is done