ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop decision-support tools to identify patients experiencing sudden cardiac arrest [SCA]
Methods: Eighty calls related to SCA were content analyzed, and the contextual patterns that emerged were organized into a checklist. Two researchers independently analyzed the recorded calls and compared their findings. Eighteen dispatchers scored 20 cases [which included SCA and non-SCA cases] both with and without the checklist. Correct responses for each case and agreement among dispatchers have been reported
Results: Eighty audio files [total time, 96 min] were analyzed, and a total of 602 codes were extracted from the text and recordings. The caller's tone of voice and presence or absence of background voices, calling for an ambulance and giving the dispatcher the address promptly, and description of the primary complaint and respirations accounted for 38%, 39%, and 23% of all codes, respectively. A 15-item complementary checklist has been developed. The mean percentages of correct responses were 66.9% +/- 27.96% prior to the use of checklist and 80.05%+10.84% afterwards. Results of the independent t test for checklist scores showed that statistically significant differences were present between the SCA and non-SCA cases [t=5.88, df=18, p=0.000]
Conclusion: Decision support tools can potentially increase the recognition rate of SCA cases, and therefore produce a higher rate of dispatcher-directed CPR
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Diabetics are in need of assistance and education in order to know and understand their health status; decision making for health care, health behavior changes, and improving health care
According to WHO, education is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. Key goals of diabetes education are behavior change and promotion of self-care. Emotional self-care, which requires special attention, is a type of self-feeling an individual has regarding himself/herself and his/her own abilities to manage different emotions; and fight against various problems
The current study aimed at comparing between the effect of group education and that of group counseling on emotional self-care in type II diabetics
Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, 112 type II diabetics referring to Mashhad Parsian Diabetes Clinic in 2014 were selected through convenient sampling
They were randomly allocated into three groups; i.e. counseling [n=37], education [n=37], and control [n=38]. Group counseling and group education were held for five sessions [1.5 hours each] every three days; each group consisting of 8 to 10 patients. A researcher-designed diabetes emotional care questionnaire was filled out before and two months after the intervention per each subject
Finally the obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS [V. 11.5] applying paired. T-Test and ANOVA at the significant level of P=0.05
Results: The groups did not show any significant differences in emotional self-care before the intervention [P=0.834]. After the intervention, however, self-care significantly decreased in patients who had group counseling [36.3+/-14.7] and group education [31.5+/-11.4] compared to the control group [50.5+/-19.1]; P=0.001
Conclusion: Regarding the results, one can say not only group education but also group counseling can improve emotional self-care in diabetics. Thus, it is recommended that with regard to ability, experience, and knowledge of nurses and capabilities of the subjects either of these two methods should be used in self- care of. type II diabetics
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Stroke is one of major causes of disability. Therefore, it is important to introduce and develop new treatment approaches in order to improve and enhance post-stroke recovery process for medical, social, and economical purposes. The present study aimed at determining the effect of mirror therapy on walking ability of patients with stroke regarding the muscular power of the affected leg
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was done on 50 stroke patients that were hospitalized in Mashhad Imam Reza and Quaem hospitals. They were randomly classified into two equal groups of control and mirror therapy[experimental group]. For the experimental group, twenty 30 -minute sessions were daily held, so that every patient did the range of motion of lower extremitiy of the healthy side in front of a mirror and observed just its mirror image. In addition to mirror therapy, the routine program physiotherapy was performed for both groups. Power of muscle in the affected leg was assessed on the basis of a 5-score scale and every patient`s walking ability was assessed before, during, and after intervention using function ambulation classification. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software [V:11.5], using independent T, paired T, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon statistical tests
Results: The two groups showed no significant difference in terms of walking ability regarding the muscular power of the affected leg and confounding variables before intervention [P=0.210]. Walking ability of the affected leg in mirror therapy group did not significantly improve.in comparison with the control group after intervention [P=0.756]. But the walking ability regarding the muscular power of the affected leg in mirror therapy group was significantly improved in comparison with the control group in the 10[th] session [P=0.038]
Conclusion: Mirror therapy can improve walking ability of patients with stroke as a simple, inexpensive and a patient-oriented treatment
ABSTRACT
Although triage systems based on the Emergency Severity Index [ESI] have many advantages in terms of simplicity and clarity, previous research has questioned their reliability in practice. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the reliability of ESI triage scales. This meta analysis was performed in March 2014. Electronic research databases were searched and articles conforming to the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies were selected. Two researchers independently examined selected abstracts. Data were extracted in the following categories: version of scale [latest/older], participants [adult/paediatric], raters [nurse, physician or expert], method of reliability [intra/inter-rater], reliability statistics [weighted/unweighted kappa] and the origin and publication year of the study. The effect size was obtained by the Z-transformation of reliability coefficients. Data were pooled with random-effects models and a meta-regression was performed based on the method of moments estimator. A total of 19 studies from six countries were included in the analysis. The pooled coefficient for the ESI triage scales was substantial at 0.791 [95% confidence interval: 0.787-0.795]. Agreement was higher with the latest and adult versions of the scale and among expert raters, compared to agreement with older and paediatric versions of the scales and with other groups of raters, respectively. ESI triage scales showed an acceptable level of overall reliability. However, ESI scales require more development in order to see full agreement from all rater groups. Further studies concentrating on other aspects of reliability assessment are needed
Subject(s)
Triage , Severity of Illness Index , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Infants often undergo painful procedures such as vaccination and blood sampling. Kangaroo Mother Care [KMC] and breastfeeding methods may be desirable in order to create positive interaction between mother and child. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the analgesic effect of KMC and breastfeeding methods during immunization injections in infants. In this randomized controlled trial, 180 infants undergoing DPT vaccination were divided randomly into three groups. Breastfeeding was performed from 2 minutes before, during, and one minute after the injection in breastfeeding group, while kangaroo mother care started 10 minutes before the injection and continued for one minute after the injection in KMC group. Symptoms associated with pain were evaluated using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale [NIPS], crying time, and latency to cry. The mean severity of pain was 3.5 +/- 1.53, 4.38 +/- 1.37, and 5.43 +/- 0.96 in breastfeeding, KMC, and control groups, respectively, and their difference was statistically significant [p < 0.001]. The mean crying times for breastfeeding, KMC, and control groups were 34.62 +/- 14.40 s, 49.87 +/- 26.57 s, and 61.17 +/- 22.08 s, respectively, which were significantly different [p < 0.001]. The mean latency to cry showed no significant difference in the three groups [p=0.927]. Both breastfeeding and KMC showed an analgesic effect in infants, but breastfeeding was more effective than KMC. Health care workers are recommended to encourage parents to use simple pain reduction methods for relieving pain, facilitating acceptance of mother, and promoting quality health care
ABSTRACT
Adherence to diet and fluids is the cornerstone of patients undergoing hemodialysis. By informing hemodialysis patients we can help them have a proper diet and reduce mortality and complications of toxins. Face to face education is one of the most common methods of training in health care system. But advantages of video- based education are being simple and cost-effective, although this method is virtual. Seventy-five hemodialysis patients were divided randomly into face to face and video-based education groups. A training manual was designed based on Orem's self-care model. Content of training manual was same in both the groups. In the face to face group, 2 educational sessions were accomplished during dialysis with a 1-week time interval. In the video-based education group, a produced film, separated to 2 episodes was presented during dialysis with a 1-week time interval. An Attitude questionnaire was completed as a pretest and at the end of weeks 2 and 4. SPSS software version 11.5 was used for analysis. Attitudes about fluid and diet adherence at the end of weeks 2 and 4 are not significantly different in face to face or video-based education groups. The patients' attitude had a significant difference in face to face group between the 3 study phases [pre-, 2, and 4 weeks postintervention]. The same results were obtained in 3 phases of video-based education group. Our findings showed that video-based education could be as effective as face to face method. It is recommended that more investment be devoted to video-based education.