ABSTRACT
Aim: Pathway analysis of gastric atrophy to find new molecular prospective of disease
Background: Gastric atrophy as a process which is accompanied with "loss of glans" in stomach can be considered as a risk factor of gastric cancer. Here, the correlated biochemical pathways to the disorder have been analyzed via protein-protein interaction [PPI] network analysis
Methods: The genes related to gastric atrophy were retrieved by STRING database and organized in a network by Cytoscape. Three significant clusters were determined by Cluster ONE plug-in of Cytoscape. The elements of cluster-2 which contained all central nodes of the network were enriched by ClueGO and the biochemical pathways discussed in details
Results: The number of seven central nodes [which are included in cluster-2]; INS, TP53, IL6, TNF, SRC, MYC, and IL8 were identified. The biochemical pathways related to the elements of cluster-2 were determined and clustered in nine groups. The pathways were discussed in details
Conclusion: Pathway analysis indicates that the introduced central genes of the network can be considered as biomarkers of gastric atrophy
ABSTRACT
Aim: Aim of this study is screen of the large numbers of related genes of CD to find the key ones
Background: Celiac disease [CD] is known as a gluten sensitive and immune system dependent disease. There are several high throughput investigations about CD but it is necessary to clarify new molecular aspects mechanism of celiac
Methods: Whole-genome profile [RNA] of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] as Gene expression profile GSE113469 was retrieved Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO] database. The significant genes were selected and analyzed via proteinprotein interaction [PPI] network by Cytoscape software. The key genes were introduced and enriched via ClueGO to find the related biochemical pathways
Results: Among 250 significant genes 47 genes with expressed change above 2 fold change [FC] were interacted and the constructed network were analyzed. The network characterized by poor connections so it was promoted by addition 50 related nodes and 18 crucial nodes were introduced. Two clusters of biochemical pathways were identified and discussed
Conclusion: There is an obvious conflict between microarray finding and the well-known related genes of CD. This problem can be solve by more attention to the interpretation of PPI ntwork analysis results
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose: Nowadays repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS] is being used as a treatment for some neurological disorders, but its effect on neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity has not been completely determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic rTMS on the ability of synaptic plasticity.
Materials and Methods: rTMS was applied to the hippocampal region for 14 days. One week following termination of rTMS, the amount of synaptic long-term potentiation [LTP] in animals was investigated and compared with control group. High-frequency stimulation [HFS] was applied to the perforant path for LTP induction, andfield potentials were recorded from granular layer of the dentate gyrus. Baseline field potential was recorded 10 minutes before HFS. An increase of at least 20% in population spike amplitude was measured as an index of synaptic potentiation.To compare the effects of rTMS on measured parameters, we used t-test and two way ANOVA followed by Benferroni test [Prism 8 software].
Results: Obtained data showed that, following 14 days of rTMS application causeda reduction in population spike amplitude compared to the control group [P<0.05].In addition, the ability of neurons generating LTP was reduced compared to the control group [P<0.001]. Paired pulse index measurement also showed thatthe paired-pulse facilitationdid not change following LTP induction in animals whom had received rTMS. However, there was a decrease in paired pulse facilitation in control group.
Conclusion: Chronic rTMS application reducesthe amount of synaptic potentiation. Considering the important role of LTP in the occurrence of cognitive processes, patterns of rTMS that have less effects on the ability of synaptic plasticity should be found.
ABSTRACT
There is no information about the pattern of use of earphones and music players in Iranian adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of the use of earphone and music player devices as a main risk factor for hearing loss in adolescents of Tabriz city, northwest of Iran. In this cross-sectional study in November 2011, 2,359 high school students were randomly selected and were asked to complete a 20-item questionnaire about the pattern of using earphones and music players. The results showed that 44.3% [confidence interval [CI] 95%: 38.3-50.3] of the respondents had a history of hearing problems that was significantly different between males and females [42.2% of males and 47% of females, p: 0.02]. Notably, 36.8% of the participants stated that they listened to music without any rest or stop. Almost 49.6% [CI 95%: 44.4-54.4] of the students reported listening to 'somewhat loud' [gain setting at 50%] or 'very loud' [gain setting more than 50%] volume level of music. In terms of the kind of earphones, 17.1% of the participants used headphones, 34.8% used earbud-style headphones, 32.3% used supra-aural headphones, and 15.8% of them did not use any type of earphones. Students have risky patterns of using earphones and music-listening devices. Planning educational programs in this domain for adolescents especially in high schools is necessary
ABSTRACT
Chronic hepatitis C is a major concern for global health as it causes liver problems, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Immune factors have a determinant role in susceptibility to chronic infection or clearance of infection in body. As a defensive agent, cytokines are important factors of immune system, since they can activate immune response or inhibit virus replication directly. The aim of this study is the evaluation of interleukin 20 polymorphism [rs1518108] in hepatitis C patients. This survey was a case-control study. By using PCR-RFLP method, 105 patients and 135 controls were studied randomly. We used SPSS-16 software for statistical analysis. A 10Tsignificant association was found between polymorphism [rs1518108] of interleukin 20 and hepatitis C patients [p=0.035] [OR=2.283]. The incidence of hepatitics C in males was observed five times more than that one females [p=0.01] [OR=5.18]. In addition, no significant association between polymorphism of genotypes and liver harms [chronic and cirrhosis] was found in this study [p=0.362]. Our findings show that variants of interleukin 20 polymorphism [rs1518108] in the population of the study are important factors for being affected by hepatitis C. The incidence of heterozygote allele CT was more than of homozygote genotype TT
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Some studies have determined that polymorphism in insulin gene are associated with increased insulin level and resistant to insulin and also cause to increase risk of colorectal cancer [CRC]. The goal of this study was to evaluate incidence of the insulin gene polymorphism [rs689] in an Iranian population and to investigate the role of this polymorphism in increased risk of CRC. Genotyping of the insulin gene were determined in a series of 110 colorectal cancer patients and 110 controls by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping assays [PCR-RFLP]. P value for genotype AT compared with AA, was 0.052 [OR=1.88, CI=0.99-3.5] and TT versus AA was 0.57 [OR=1.33 CI=0.48- 3.6]. The results showed that the insulin gene polymorphism [rs689] is not a predisposing factor to increased risk to CRC [P=0.14]. Incidence of mutant allele between patients and controls had no significant differences [OR=1.53 95% CI=0.98- 2.39, Pe=0.057]. These findings suggest that the insulin gene polymorphism [rs689] is not associated with increased risk of CRC
ABSTRACT
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] is expressed primarily in adipocytes and elevated levels of this cytokine have been linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the G-308A and G-238A polymorphisms of TNF-alpha gene promoter variants and obesity in an Iranian population. Subjects of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study classified into two age groups under and above 18. Adults classified in three groups according to their body mass index and less than 18 years old subjects classified in two groups [under 85th percentile for their age and sex and above 85th percentile]. 244 persons were selected to examine -308 site and 239 persons were selected to examine -238 site. The mentioned polymorphisms were examined with PCR and RFLP methods. The allele frequency of TNF-alpha polymorphism was in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and there was no relation between BMI and the frequency of this allele. No association between G-308A and G-238A TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms and obesity could probably indicate that it is not an important risk factor for obesity and consequently for cardiovascular disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Polymorphism, Genetic , Risk Factors , Body Mass IndexABSTRACT
Obesity cause a lot of disease such as cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, some types of cancers and osteoarthritis. Reports show polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter region of TNF-alpha increase transcription of the gene in adipocytes. We, therefore, examined the relationship between this variant and BMI as an obesity criterion and other obesity affective factors in an Iranian population. 244 Subjects were randomly selected from the Tehran lipid and Glucose study which is a Cross Sectional Study and they were classified in two age groups under 18 and above 18. We measured FBS, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, Adiponectin, and HOMA for all individuals. Factors including Body mass index and blood pressure were measured too. A 107bp segment of the mentioned gene with PCR [Polymerase Chain Reaction] was amplified and the polymorphism with RFLP [Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism] revealed. Undistributed Data were analyzed by kruskal-Wallis test and distributed Data were analyzed by ANOVA. We used one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc multiple comparison [Tukey] to compare laboratory findings of BMI groups. All data were analyzed using SPSS 16. The allele frequency of TNF-alpha polymorphism was in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and the Genotype of all 244 subjects were GG[85.7%], GA[13.1%],AA[1.2%] and there was no relation between BMI and the frequency of this allele. In adolescent sbp] systolic blood pressure] in girls at GA state was significantly more than GG and CRP in boys at AA state was significantly more than the two other state In adult cholesterol in men at AA was significantly more than the two other state and LDL-C in women in GG was more than the two other state. Data from this study shows no association between G-308A TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism with increasing BMI, so probably it is not important risk factor for obesity in Iranian populations
ABSTRACT
Many reports are available about the increasing rate of mortality due to overuse of opioids. It has been suggested that sleep apnea can be a cause of mortality because of overuse of opioids. Opium use is common in Iran. This study aimed to assess the effect of opium on polysomnographic findings in opium addicts with sleep apnea syndrome. In this prospective case-control study, 50 opium addicts with sleep apnea were compared and matched for age, sex and body mass index with 50 non-addict patients with sleep apnea to determine the effect of opium on sleep disorders and polysomnographic findings. Sleep stages, apneas, hypopneas and desaturation were evaluated and recorded for participants in both groups. Data were analyzed and compared using SPSS version 15 software. There were significant differences between the two groups in sleep efficiency [P-value=0.00], apnea/hypopnea index [0.02], hypopnea [P-value=0.00], desaturation [P-value=0.01], sleep latency to stage 1[P-value=0.00] and central apnea [P-value=0.00] but no difference was detected for obstructive apnea [P-value=0.48]. Opium can increase central apnea, apnea-hypopnea index and desaturation in opium addicts compared with non-addicts
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/chemically induced , Opioid-Related Disorders/mortality , Sleep Apnea, Central , Prospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Drug Users , PolysomnographyABSTRACT
Self-injury [SI], also called self-mutilation or cutting, is highly stigmatized emotional disorder. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of self-injury among male pupils in Tabriz - North West in Iran and to evaluate the associated risk factors. In this longitudinal study of all the pupils high school in Tabriz, 1772 [13.7%] were randomly sampled, and assessed in this and subsequent year. A self-administered questionnaire with 48 questions was distributed to high school in February and March 2005. After one year [February and March 2006], another questionnaire with 10-items was distributed to those students to determine the incidence rate of self-injury. The influence of different factors on self-injury was evaluated with a logistic regression model. The mean age of the subjects was 16.3 +/- 0.87 [min 15, max 19] years. At the end of follow-up, 4.8% of pupils reported incidence of self-injury. Most type of incidenced self-injury were cutting and burning. The results of logistic regression model indicate that transition in smoking stages [OR=2.81], incidence of alcohol drinking [OR=2.27] and having smoker friend [OR=1.78] were factors associated with incidence of self-injury. This study showed that incidence rate of self-injury in this group of adolescents was 4.8% in one year, which related to age, alcohol and ciggaret smoking
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Incidence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students , Smoking/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Smoking is a worldwide health problem. Despite recent efforts to reduce the rate of smoking, adolescent smoking still remains a significant public health concern. Current study was conducted to determine the effects of socio-environmental and personal factors on the smoking among adolescents. In the first stage of a longitudinal study of smoking in adolescents, 1785 students in Tabriz city were randomly selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics and self-esteem of the subjects and their attitude towards smoking. Information was also gathered about the smoking habits of the subjects, their families and friends. The association of different variables with smoking was evaluated by a logistic regression model and Chi square test using SPSS. Mean age of the subjects was 16.3 +/- 0.87 years. 77.4% of them reported that they never smoked. 18.2% had experimented the cigarette smoking at least once. But 4.4% said that they were regular smokers. Having a smoker family member [OR=1.40] or a smoker friend [OR=3.43] and a positive attitude toward smoking [OR=1.23] were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. An educational program aimed at changing the attitude towards smoking may be a successful primary prevention method