Steroidal hormone receptor expression in male Breast Cancer

Although the etiology of male breast cancer is unclear, hormonal levels may play a role in the development of this disease. It seems that reduced androgen or increased estrogen stimulation can promote the risk of breast cancer in men. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of steroid hormone receptors including estrogen receptor [ER] and progesterone receptor [PR] in Iranian male subjects with breast cancer. This prospective review was conducted on 18 male cases with breast cancer in Omid Hospital, Mashhad, Iran [Oct. 2001-Oct. 2006]. ER and PR were measured by immuno-histochemistry, and clinicopathologic features and family history were obtained via interviews. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 13, and using descriptive statistics. The median age was 63.2 years, and all cases presented with infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The results revealed a high rate of ER [88.8%] and PR [66.6%] expression. Male breast cancer is significantly more likely to express hormonal receptors in comparison with female breast cancer

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of salpinx: a very rare case treated with a less aggressive method

Inflammatory pseudotumour describes as a wide range of neoplastic and reactive lesions. One of the rare presentations of these tumors is found in the salpinx. This case report characterizes a thirty six year old woman with a history of left sided abdominal pain for a few months. Further examinations revealed that she had a complex cyst in her left salpinx. The patient had normal levels of tumor markers such as CA125, Alfa Fetoprotein [AFP], and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin [hCG], while other paraclinical test were in normal values Additionaly The patient underwent left salpingectomy by a gynecologist. The pathological diagnosis of the lesion was inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor [IMT]. In immunohistochemistry the tumor stains was moderately positive in anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] and also actin positive. Total resection of tumor was performed with no complications and remained disease free during follow up for 40 months. Although Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor [IMT] is benign in nature, but in order to improve the prognosis, this tumor requires low intensity surgical treatment

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy without brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy [EBRT + cisplatin] plus intracavitary brachytherapy is the standard of care in patients with advanced cervical cancer. However, a number of patients could not undergone brachytherapy due to massive residual tumor or anatomical distortion. In this study, we have evaluated the treatment outcome in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, undergone conventional EBRT plus cisplatin based chemotherapy. In this study, we have selected patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma [stage: IIB to IIIB] undergone external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy without brachytherapy at our institute between October of 2007 and October of 2009. The patients have received 50 Gy within 5 weeks to whole pelvic that has followed by a localized boost dose on tumor to 70 Gy concurrently with cisplatin 35 mg/m2 weekly. The treatment has related toxicities, and survival [overall and disease free] have evaluated. 30 cases with a median age of 55 [range; 40 to 73] have been studied. According to FIGO classification, the clinical stages were as follows: stage: IIB 23, IIIA 4, and IIIB 3 cases. Three months after treatment, 19 patients [63.3%] have achieved complete response. With a median follow up time of 18 months [range; 10-33 months], 8/23 cases [34.7%] with stage IIB and 2/7 [28.5%] among stage IIIA-IIIB remained disease free at the end of follow up. Data have shown a 2- year overall survival rate of 58.7% +/- 9% and 2- year disease free survival of 37.7% +/- 9% . Most toxicities were grade I and II. 2 [6.6%] grade III diarrhea and 4 [13.3%] grade III neutropenia have recorded. Although a considerable number of patients have achieved complete response using concurrent chemoradiotherapy without brachytherapy, the overall treatment outcomes especially for stage IIIA-IIIB were unsatisfactory. Using modern radiation therapy techniques with increased delivered boost dose could improve treatment results

Evaluating the relationship between body size and body shape with the risk of breast cancer

This study aims to determine the relationship between body size and body shape with the risk of breast cancer. In this case control study, 480 women participated [240 women with breast cancer in case group and 240 healthy women in control group]. After completing the interview form, the weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and breast size, were measured. The data were analyzed using statistical test by SPSS11.5. The present study showed that the mean of hip circumference were significantly different in both groups [p=0.036]. The size of the breast was statistically significant between the two groups. Thyroid type, one of the body shapes, was more seen in the case group than control group [p<0.001]. This study revealed that the risk of breast cancer increases with increased hip circumference. In addition, the results indicate that body shape may be a useful predictor in determining the risk of breast cancer. More studies should be designed to address this subject.

validity of MRI in evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer

Physical Examination [PE] and breast MRI are two of the current methods which have usually used in diagnosis of primary breast cancer. Their accuracy in detection of: either complete response or presence of residual tumor, however, has not yet been established in patients who have been received Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy [NAC]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI in assessment of residual neoplastic tissue after NAC in patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer [LABC]. Twenty patients with LABC have undergone contrast-enhanced MRI before and after the NAC. Considering histology as the gold standard, the tumor sizes in MRI and PE have compared with the histology results. We have calculated for all below: the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value [PPV] and Negative Predictive Value [NPV] for each of MRI and physical examination, as well as Pearson's correlation coefficients between the results of MRI and PE, and their histology results. We have found an accuracy of 85% for MRI with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 50%, a PPV of 83.3%, and an NPV of 100%. In addition, the accuracy for PE was 70% with a sensitivity of 71.4%, a specificity of 66.6%, a PPV of 83.3%, and an NPV of 50%. In this study, the calculated Pearson's correlation coefficient for MRI and histology was 0.817 [p<0.0001] versus 0.26 [p=0.26] for correlation between PE and histology. MRI has higher sensitivity but less specificity than PE for detection of residual tumor after NAC in locally advanced breast carcinoma. Also, the tumor size that has measured by MRI had highly correlation with the histology