Tooth size, arch length and arch relationship in Egyptian and Saudi Arabian preschool children

The purpose of this study was to compare the tooth size, arch length and arch relationship in Egyptian and Saudi preschool children. Measurements were taken from study casts of 120 Egyptian and Saudi preschool children. Statistical analysis revealed that the mesiodistal tooth width of Saudi was larger than Egyptian children but with no significant difference except at the canine region of both maxillary and mandibular teeth. Teeth of boys were insignificantly larger than girls both in Egyptian and Saudi children. Arch length of both Egyptian and Saudi boys was significantly larger than that of girls, whereas Saudi children have significantly larger arch than Egyptian children. No significant difference was detected as regard arch relationship. Authors concluded that sex may influence crown diameter, arch length and arch relationship but within the same race such differences were not evident

Comparison of the occluso-gingival crown length between Egyptian and Saudi Arabian samples

This investigation was carried out on a sample of 200 Saudi adolescent subjects [100 males and 100 females]. All the subjects had accepted normal occlusion. Their ages ranged from 16-21 years. This study was carried out to establish normative data of the occluso-gingival crown height of the twelve permanent maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and to compare the results of this sample with that of the Egyptian one. New vertical standards for bracket levels were developed. The coronal height of all the teeth investigated were found to be significantly larger in the Saudi males than the females. The maxillary teeth of the Egyptian males were found to be significantly longer than that of the Saudi one except the central incisors and canines which showed no statistical significant difference. The mandibular teeth of the Egyptian males were found to be significantly longer than that of the Saudi one except the central and lateral incisors and the first molar, which showed no statistical significant difference. The maxillary and mandibular teeth of the Egyptian females were found to be longer than those of the Saudi ones except the central incisors which revealed no statistical significant difference

Description of occlusion in Saudi Arabian population

This study was done on 600 adult males and females Saudi Arabian subjects to provide information about the occlusion status and the incidence of malocclusion in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results of this study demonstrate that only 31.16% of the total sample had normal occlusion. The incidence of Angle class I malocclusion was 36.33% while that of class II malocclusion was 21.83%, that of class III was 9.5% and that of class IV was 1.16%. Angle classes I and II malocclusion were higher in females than males, but angle classes III and IV were higher in males than females. Angle class III type I percentage was higher than class III type III and double that of class III type II. Carefull diagnosis of the occlusion and the dentogacial musculature function is highly recommended during dental examination. The Saudi Arabians are in strong need to the preventive and the interceptive orthodontic treatment measures which should be performed as early as possible to decrease the incidence of malocclusion in their country

Anchorage loss and vertical dentofacial components

A cephalometric radiographic study was carried out to measure the possible dentofacial vertical changes that might be caused by mesial movement of anchor molars during canine retraction with maximum intraoral anchorage. The sample composed of 15 preoperative and post-operative lateral cephalometric radiographs and study models for patients having class 11 division 1 malocclulusion and their treatment necessitated premolar extraction and canine retraction. Their ages ranged between 16 to 23 years while the average treatment time to complete canine retraction was 6 months. The results showed significant mesial molar tipping, noticeable but statistically unsignificant anticlock wise rotation of the occlusal plane and increase of the lower anterior facial high as measured by ANS-Me linear measurement and ANS-Xi-Pm angle. Also, negligible increase of the mandibular plane steepness and incisal over bite were observed

Evolution of a new crown shape index for the mandibular incisors

In this study the role played by the mandibular incisors crown size and shape in influencing their alignment has been tested. A new crown shape index [gingival MD width] was deviced and evaluated on a incisal MD width sample of 137 subjects divided into 3 groups having normal, crowded and spaced mandibular incisors. Statisttically, the gingival MD width of the mandibular incisors was able to differentiate between the 3 groups. The crown shape indices of both the mandibular central and lateral incisors demonstrated a highly statistically significant difference between the three groups. From the results of this study, it is clear that the crown shape index be considered in the routine diagnosis as an important cause of mandibular incisors crowding and that the orthodontic clinicians should evaluate it and normalize it