ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Amp C beta lactamases in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli [E. coli], and to evaluate and compare different phenotypic methods for its detection in a cost effective way
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jun 2016
Material and Methods: Modified Three Dimensional Test [M3DT] taken as Gold standard, Modified Hodge Test [MHT] [Cefoxitin], Nitrocephin test and three screening strategies for the detection of Amp C Beta-lactamases were tested on urinary isolates of E. coli collected during a period of 06 months
Results: Modified Hodge Test, was found to be simple, highly specific and sensitive in detecting these enzyme producers. Collectively these tests detected 45.07% of E. coli to be Amp C producers
Conclusion: Each of the three tests can be used as an acceptable phenotypic confirmatory tool when Amp C production in E. coli is suspected
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the current trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of typhoidal Salmonellae. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from January 2014 to December 2015
Methodology: Blood culture samples received from the wards and outpatient departments were included. Isolates of Salmonella were dealt with standard microbiological procedures. The antimicrobial sensitivity against the typhoidal Salmonellae was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [2013]
Results: A total of 460 typhoidal Salmonellae were isolated; out of which 270 were Salmonella typhi and 190 were Salmonella paratyphi A. The percentage of MDR isolates of S. typhi was 57% and that of S. paratyphi A was 42%. None of the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, while sensitivity to ciprofloxacin [07% and 0% for S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, respectively] was very low
Conclusion: There is high percentage of MDR isolates of typhoidal Salmonellae in our region. The antimicrobial sensitivity of typhoidal Salmonellae to conventional agent has not improved enough to recommend their empirical use. There is almost complete resistance to fluoroquinolones as well, leaving very limited available treatment options