ABSTRACT
Introduction: Bronchial asthma is the most frequent disease in childhood. Its prevalence in Karachi is from 8.2 to 8.5% in urban areas and 7.5% in rural areas. Its etiology is multifactorial. Objectives: To identify the associated risk factors that influence the development of bronchial asthma in children belonging to clinics 5 and 10 of Ruben Batista Rubio de Karachi polyclinic from September / 2016 to October / 2017. Method: An analytical study of cases and controls was carried out. The cases were 31 asthmatics. 1 x 1 matching was performed. Socio-demographic and biomedical variables were studied. The information of the clinical histories was obtained. Chi-square and Odds Ratio tests were used. Results: They presented a family history of atopy and bronchial asthma, 19 cases, 3 controls, X2 = 13.11. In the prenatal stage, 19 cases (61.29%) had exposure to an allergen, X2 = 5.72 OR = 4.55. Respiratory infections with wheezing before 2 years presented 20 cases, (64.52%), X2 = 16.73 OR = 4.44. Early ablation of 19 cases, (61.19%) 3 controls, (9.98%), X2 = 13.11, OR = 14.78. Conclusions: Male patients between 5 and 10 years old were the most frequent. Family history of bronchial asthma and / or atopy, exposure to allergens in the prenatal stage, low birth weight, respiratory infections with wheezing before 2 years, early ablation and malnutrition by excess were identified as factors of associated risks that influenced the development of bronchial asthma.