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1.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2018; 70 (5): 754-761
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-192589

ABSTRACT

Aim of the Study: was to investigate the influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial cells and its injury risk factors in diabetic cataract patients and non-diabetic patients


Methods: Electronic databases were searched: Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholer], PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Econlit from 1990 to 2017. This was completed with a manual search of references of relevant papers. Risk of bias in methodology of studies was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale


Results: Observation of corneal endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation and percentage of hexagonal cells preoperatively, 1 day, 1week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively was carried out, and multiple Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of corneal endothelial cell injury was taken


Results: Out of 779 retrieved papers, 9 studies with a total of 1129 individuals were finally included [579 diabetic eyes and 550 non-diabetic eyes]. For the dynamic changes between preoperative and postoperative values, significant differences were identified between the two groups in endothelial cell density [ECD] and hexagon cells [HC%] at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively, in central corneal thickness [CCT] at 1 month postoperatively, and in coefficient variation [CV] at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. However, no significant differences were observed in CCT at 1 day, 1 week and 3 months postoperatively or in CV at 1 day and 3 months postoperatively


Conclusion: It could be concluded from the current literature that aged-cataract patients with diabetes mellitus manifested poor tolerability to cataract phacoemulsification surgery in contrast to senile cataract patients

2.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2017; 69 (7): 2798-2803
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-190640

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To Compare tomosynthesis to mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and histology for the detection and staging of BI-RADS 4-5 anomalies, as a function of breast composition, histology, size, and lesion location


Materials and methods: 25 patients underwent tomosynthesis, MRI, mammography, and ultrasound. The diagnostic accuracy of the different examinations was compared


Results: The sensitivities for detection were as follows: 92.7% for MRI, 80.5% for ultrasound, 75.6% for tomosynthesis, and 61% for mammography. Tomosynthesis improves the sensitivity of mammography [P= 0.0001], but not the specificity. The detection of multifocality and multicentricity was improved, but not significantly. Tomosynthesis identified more lesions than mammography in 10% of cases and improved lesion staging irrespective of the density, but was still inferior to MRI. The detection of ductal neoplasia was superior with tomosynthesis Compared to mammography [P = 0.016], but this was not the case with lobular cancer. The visualization of masses was improved with tomosynthesis [P = 0.00012], but not with microcalcifications. Tomosynthesis was capable of differentiating lesions of all sizes, but the smaller lesions were easier to see. Lesion sizes measured with tomosynthesis, excluding the spicules, concurred with histological dimensions. Spicules lead to an overestimation of the size


Conclusion: In our series, tomosynthesis found more lesions than mammography in 10% of patients, resulting in an adaption of the surgical plan

3.
Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine [The]. 2017; 69 (7): 2856-2859
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-190650

ABSTRACT

Background: Drug prescription studies provide a pharmacoeconomic basis for making evidence-based health-care decisions. In ophthalmology practice, rational prescribing shows a vital role in decreasing the ocular disease burden


Purpose: The purpose of the study was to inspect the drug consumption pattern in ophthalmology department of King Abdulaziz hospital in KSA


Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months. The prescriptions for all consecutive patients attending the ophthalmology outpatient department for the first time [first time encounter] were incorporated and reviewed using a pre-designed form to record information from the ophthalmology outpatient department prescription cards of each patient. Data analysis was carried out using the descriptive statistical methods: frequencies, mean, percentage, and standard deviation


Results: A total of 500 prescriptions were considered with the average number of drugs per prescription being 2.2 [0.8]. The most common disorders diagnosed were eyelid diseases [31.6%] followed by foreign body in the eye [23,2%], conjunctivitis [20,8%], glaucoma, conrneal ulcer, squint, and others. Drugs were prescribed in different dosage forms with eye drops being the most common [62.9%] followed by ointment [20.5%], capsule [8.6%], and tablets [8.0%] of all dosage forms. The frequency of drug management and period of treatment was recorded in 94% and 76% of all prescriptions respectively. Drugs were predominantly prescribed in brand name rather than generic name


Conclusion: The current study showed certain lacunae in the prescribing practices of the ophthalmologists of the institute as showed by low generic prescribing, insufficient information about frequency of management and period of treatment in many prescriptions. This can be addressed over appropriate sensitization of clinicians in the art of rational prescribing

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